どのメーカーと車種の車両が適当か？
i. What makes of vehicles are maintained(to supplier specifications)by local service dealers? The heavy vehicle fleet must be standardized to suitable makes and models already operating in the country. If a mixture of models of truck is unavoidable, it may still be possible to standardize to a single make.
ii. What is the availability of vehicles：the spare capacity of local transport companies, and possibility of purchasing new or second hand vehicles?
インフラ(燃料、作業所)
i. Is there a service network available with the know how to maintain the fleet, or will it be necessary to set up dedicated workshops and fuel stations?
ii. Are there sufficient spare parts and tyres in the local market, or must they be imported?
iii. Is fuel(diesel and gasoline)and are lubricants readily available in the area of operation?(note the number of fuel stations, capacity and likely availability of fuel at each).
2. 車両の調達先
車両(軽・重車両を問わず)は次のようにして調達できる。1)現地でのレンタル、2)当事国政府が提供する、3)当該地域の国連機関の事務所から借りる、4)他のUNHCR事業から転用する、5)購入(purchasing)する。ヘビーデューティ用の車両は、スタンドバイ契約(付録1「緊急事態対応資源カタログ」を参照)に基づいて調達することもできる。トラックを海外から購入する場合は、適切な用紙(トラック用活動分析用紙は必要に応じて本部に要請する)に記入して本部の供給・輸送課まで依頼書を送付する。
調達方法を分析する際には、以下の点を考慮する。
i. Expected length of operation. If the expected length of the operation is short,(3 - 6 months), or the situation is very unstable, it may be better to rent, loan or re-deploy rather than purchase vehicles, because of high initial costs;
ii. Comparative costs. Compare the cost of renting vehicles with the cost of purchasing them(including delivery costs). Consider purchasing second-hand vehicles if they are in good enough condition;
iii. Servicing and other benefits. Take into account that renting vehicles will include servicing and other benefits(such as drivers, insurance)which would need to be separately arranged if the vehicles are re-deployed, purchased, or loaned;
iv. Time. Light vehicles can be quickly deployed from the UNHCR emergency stockpile(see Appen-dix 3). Purchasing new vehicles can be very time consuming, because of long delivery times(up to 8 months if they are manufactured to order, which is usually necessary for the configuration of heavy duty vehicles for UNHCR operations). If there is an urgent need for heavy vehicles, inform Supply and Transport Section at Headquarters of the vehicle requirements and infrastructure, who will look into possible options (re-deployment, purchase etc.)in the international market and regionally. If it becomes necessary to purchase vehicles, early notification and action will be a priority;
v. Other options. Consideration could also be given to the possibility of“grafting”the heavy vehicle fleet onto a large national or regional transport organization. That organization’s infrastructure, including workshops, offices, etc., would then be immediately available as would its accumulated experience of operating in the country.
The vehicles exclusively involved in the operation should be individually numbered and distinctively marked - for example, white with blue markings.
