付表2 車両ニーズの計画立案
1. ニーズの評価
車両の必要性の評価では、必要な車両数を見積もるとともに、事業地域でどの車両が運転・整備可能かを評価しなければならない。車両を調達する前に、既存のインフラ(道路、作業所、燃料)の十分な評価が必要となる。
車両はどういう目的に使用し、何台必要か？
重車両
i. Will the vehicles be used for - transporting people or relief supplies?
ii. What will be the frequency of use(one off transport, or scheduled deliveries for distribution)?
iii. What is the total quantity(of goods or people)to be transported?
iv. Are any special configurations necessary： if a truck is to carry dangerous goods e.g. fuel, ensure that dangerous goods regulations are followed.
軽車両
i. How many vehicles are needed for staff? In an emergency, it is advisable to have a ratio between light vehicles and international staff of 1：1. In more stable situations, slightly fewer vehicles per staff member may be acceptable.
ii. What special vehicles might be needed(e.g. ambulances for transporting vulnerable refugees)? The main categories of light vehicles which might be useful are：sedan and minibus(4x2 only), and station wagon, van, pick-up, and ambulance(both 4x2 or 4x4).
どういう仕様の車両が必要か？
i. What is the condition of the routes that will be used? tarmac roads, good unpaved roads(with stone or macadam surface), sand or dirt trails, or no roads(in which case consider animals for transport).
ii. How long are the journeys expected to be?
軽車両
i. What configuration light vehicles should be used according to road conditions： 4x2 or 4x4?
重車両
i. What configuration for heavy vehicles should be used according to the road conditions： 4x2, 4x4, 6x2 or 6x4?
ii. Should trailers be used? Trailers can be more economical, i.e. - with a relatively small investment one is able to transport twice the amount of cargo. The following configurations for heavy vehicles (trucks/trailers)could be appropriate：
i. Truck with trailer(6x2 or 6x4)with a combined capacity of 20-40 MT for transport up to 3,000 km 2-7 day trip, normally for use on tarmac roads;
ii. Truck(6x4, 4x4, 4x2)for intermediary distribution with a capacity of 10-15 MT(normally 1 day trip) on unpaved roads with stone or macadam surface,
iii. 5-10 MT capacity trucks on tracks and trails(generally for trips of half a day or less up to distribution points).
トレーラー
Prior to purchasing trailers, the following additional questions should be considered:
i. Are the roads and bridges suitable to drive on with trailers?
ii. Are the drivers capable of driving with trailers?
iii. What are the regulations in the country regarding the weight and length of truck-trailer combinations?
iv. What type of trailer is needed? Can the trucks be operated with trailers or would tractor trailers be better? Can the trailer be transported on the truck on empty runs? Ensure there are air-brakes, a towing hook, extra fuel tanks and spare wheels. Particular attention must be paid to the tow-bar strength and number of axles.
