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CHAPTER 4: ACCESSIBLE ROUTES AND ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS
401 General
401. 1 Scope. Accessible routes and accessible
means of egress required by Chapter 2 shall comply with the applicable provisions
of this chapter.
402 Accessible Routes
402.1 General. Accessible routes shall comply
with 402.
402.2 Components. Accessible routes shall consist
of one or more of the following components: Walking surfaces with a slope not
steeper than 1:20, doorways, ramps, elevators and platform (wheelchair) lifts.
All components of an accessible route shall comply with the applicable portions
of this chapter.
403 Walking Surfaces
403.1 General. Walking surfaces that are a part
of an accessible route shall comply with 403.
403.2 Floor or Ground Surface. Floor or ground
surfaces shall comply with 302.
403.3 Slope. The running slope of walking surfaces
shall be not steeper than 1:20. The cross slope of walking surfaces shall not
be steeper than 1:48.
403.4 Changes in Level. Changes in level shall
comply with 303.
403.5 Clear Width. The clear width of walking
surfaces shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum.
EXCEPTION: The clear width shall be 32 inches (815 mm) minimum for a length of 24 inches (610 mm) maximum. provided that multiple 32 inch (815 mm) wide segments are separated by segments that are 48 inch (1220 mm) minimum in length and 36 inch (915 mm) minimum in width.
403.5.1 Clear Width at Turn. Where the accessible
route makes a 180 degree turn around an object which is less than 48 inches (1220
mm) wide, clear width shall be 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum approaching the turn.
48 inches (1220 mm) minimum during the turn and 42 inches (1065 mm) leaving the
turn.
403.5.2 Passing Spaces. An accessible route with
a clear width less than 60 inches (1525 mm) shall provide passing space at intervals
of 200 feet (61 m) maximum. Passing spaces shall be either a 60 inch (1525 mm)
minimum by 60 inch (1525 mm) minimum space, or an intersection of two walking
surfaces which provide a T-shaped space complying with 304.
403.5.3 Protruding Objects. Protruding objects
shall comply with 307. Protruding objects shall not reduce the required
clear width.
404 Doors and Doorways
404.1 General. Doors and doorways that are part
of an accessible route shall comply with 404.
404.2 Manual Doors and Doorways. Manual doors
and doorways and manual gates, including ticket gates, shall comply with 404.2.1
through 404.2.11.
404.2.1 Revolving Doors and Turnstiles. Revolving
doors and revolving turnstiles shall not be part of an accessible route.
404.2.2 Double-Leaf Doors. At least one of the
active leaves of doorways with two independently operated leaves shall comply
with 404.2.3 and 404.2.4.
404.2.3 Clear Width. Doorways shall have a clear
opening of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum. Clear openings of doorways with swinging
doors shall be measured between the face of the door and the stop, with the door
open 90 degrees. Openings more than 24 inches (610 mm) in depth shall provide
a clear opening of 36 inches (915 mm) minimum. There shall be no projections into
the required clear opening width lower than 34 inches (865 mm) above the floor
or ground. Projections into the clear opening width between 34 inches (865 mm)
and 80 inches (2030 mm) above the floor or ground shall not exceed 4 inches (100
mm).
EXCEPTION: In alterations where it is technically infeasible to comply with clear opening width requirements, a projection of 5/8 inch (16 mm) maximum into the required clear width shall be permitted for the latch side stop.
404.2.4 Maneuvering Clearances.
404.2.4.1 Swinging Doors. Approaches to swinging
doors shall have maneuvering clearances complying with Table 404.2.4.1.
Table 404.2.4.1 Maneuvering Clearances at Manual Swinging Doors. |
| TYPE OF USE |
MINIMUM MANEUVERING CLEARANCE 1 |
| Approach Direction |
Door Side |
Perpendicular to Doorway |
Parallel to Doorway 2 (beyond latch side unless noted) |
| From front |
Pull |
60 inches (1525 mm) |
18 inches (455 mm) |
| From front |
Push |
48 inches (1220 mm) |
0 inches (0 mm) 3 |
| From hinge side |
Pull |
60 inches (1525 mm) |
36 inches (915 mm) |
| From hinge side |
Pull |
54 inches (1370 mm) |
42 inches (1065 mm) |
| From hinge side |
Push |
42 inches (1065 mm) 4 |
22 inches (560 mm) beyond hinge side |
| From latch side |
Pull |
48 inches (1220 mm) 5 |
24 inches (610 mm) |
| From latch side |
Push |
42 inches (1065 mm) 5 |
24 inches (610 mm) |
|
404.2.4.2 Doorways without Doors, Sliding Doors and
Folding Doors. Approaches to doorways without doors which are less than 36
inches (915 mm) wide and approaches to sliding and folding doors shall have maneuvering
clearances complying with Table 404.2.4.2.
Table 404.2.4.2 Maneuvering Clearances at Doorways without Doors, Manual Sliding Doors, and Manual Folding Doors. |
| |
MINIMUM MANEUVERING CLEARANCE 1 |
| Approach Direction |
Perpendicular to Doorway |
Parallel to Doorway 2 (beyond stop/latch side unless noted) |
| From Front |
48 inches (1220 mm) |
0 inches (0 mm) |
| From side (doorway with no door only) |
42 inches (1065 mm) |
0 inches (0 mm) |
| From pocket/hinge side |
42 inches (1065 mm) |
22 inches (560 mm) beyond pocket/hinge side |
| From stop/latch side |
42 inches(1065 mm) |
24 inches (610 mm) |
|
404.2.4.3 Doors in Alcoves. Doors in alcoves
where the plane of the doorway is offset more than 8 inches (205 mm) from the
plane of the wall shall provide maneuvering clearances for front approach.
404.2.4.4 Floor or Ground Surface. Floor or ground
surface within required maneuvering clearances shall have a slope of 1:48 maximum
and shall comply with 302. Changes in level are not permitted.
404.2.5 Thresholds. Thresholds if provided at
doorways shall be 1/2 inch (13 mm) maximum in height. Raised thresholds and changes
in level at doorways shall comply with 302 and 303.
EXCEPTION: This requirement shall not apply to existing or altered thresholds 3/4 inch (19 mm) high maximum that have a beveled edge on each side.
404.2.6 Two Doors in Series. The distance between
two hinged or pivoted doors in series shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum plus
the width of any door swinging into the space. Doors in series shall swing either
in the same direction or away from the space between the doors.
404.2.7 Door Hardware. Handles, pulls, latches, locks, and other operable parts on accessible doors shall comply with 309.4.
Such hardware shall be 34 inches (865 mm) minimum and 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum
above the floor or ground. When sliding doors are in the fully open position,
operating hardware shall be exposed and usable from both sides.
EXCEPTION: Locks used only for security purposes and not used for normal operation are permitted in any location.
404.2.8 Closing Speed.
404.2.8.1 Door Closers. Door closers shall be
adjusted so that from an open position of 90 degrees, the time required to move
the door to an open position of 12 degrees is 5 seconds minimum.
404.2.8.2 Spring Hinges. Door spring hinges shall
be adjusted so that from the open position of 70 degrees, the door shall move
to the closed position in 1.5 seconds minimum, measured under ambient conditions.
404.2.9 Door Opening Force. Fire doors shall
have a minimum opening force allowable by the appropriate administrative authority.
The required force for pushing or pulling open a door other than fire doors shall
be as follows:
1. interior hinged doors: 5 lb (22.2 N) maximum.
2. Sliding or folding doors: 5 lb (22.2 n) maximum.
These forces do not apply to the force required to
retract latch bolts or disengage other devices that hold the door in a closed
position.
404.2.10 Door Surface. The bottom 10 inches (255
mm) of all swinging doors shall have a smooth surface on the push side and extending
the full width of the door. Parts creating horizontal or vertical joints in such
surface shall be within 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) of the same plane as the other. Cavities
created by added kick plates shall be capped.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. This requirement shall not apply to sliding doors
2. Tempered glass doors without stiles and having a bottom rail or shoe with the top leading edge tapered at 60 degrees minimum from the horizontal shall not be required to meet the 10 inch (255 mm) bottom rail height requirement.
3. This requirement shall not apply to doors that do not extend to within 10 inches (255 mm) of the floor or ground.
404.2.11 Vision Lites. Doors, and sidelites adjacent
to doors, containing one or more glazing panels that permit viewing through the
panels shall have the bottom of at least one glazed panel located 43 inches (1090
mm) maximum above the floor.
404.3 Automatic Doors. Automatic doors and automatic
gates shall comply with 404.3.1 through 404.3.6. Full-powered automatic doors
shall comply with ANSI/BHMA A156.10. Low-energy and power-assisted doors shall
comply with ANSI/BHMA A156.19.
404.3.1 Clear Width. Doorways shall have a clear
opening of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum in power-on and power-failure mode. The
minimum clear width for automatic door systems shall be based on the clear opening
provided by all leafs in the open position.
404.3.2 Maneuvering Clearance. Clearances at
power-assisted doors shall comply with 404.2.4.
404.3.3 Thresholds. Thresholds and changes in
level at doorways shall comply with 404.2.5.
404.3.4 Two Doors in Series. Doors in series
shall comply with 404.2.6.
404.3.5 Controls and Operating Mechanisms. Control
switches shall comply with 309.
404.3.6 Signs. Labels and warnings for automatic
doors shall comply with 703.4.
405 Ramps
405.1 General. Walking surfaces on accessible
routes with a running slope steeper than 1:20 are ramps and shall comply with
405.
405.2 Slope. Ramp runs shall have a running slope
not steeper than 1:12.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Ramps in or on existing buildings or facilities shall be permitted to have slopes steeper than 1:12 complying with Table 405.2 where such slopes are necessitated by space limitations.
2. In alterations to qualified historic buildings and facilities where alternative requirements are permitted by 202.5, the slope of a ramp run of 24 inches (610 mm) maximum shall not be steeper than 1:6.
Table 405.2 Maximum Ramp Slope and Rise for Existing Sites, Buildings and Facilities. |
| Slope 1 |
Maximum Rise |
| Steeper than 1:10 but not steeper than 1:8 |
3 inches(75 mm) |
| Steeper than 1:12 but not steeper than 1:10 |
6 inches(150 mm) |
|
405.3 Cross Slope. Cross slope of ramp runs shall
not be steeper than 1:48.
405.4 Floor or Ground Surfaces. Floor or ground
surfaces of ramp runs shall comply with 302. Changes in level other than
the running slope and cross slope are not permitted on ramp runs.
405.5 Clear Width. The clear width of a ramp
run and the clear width between handrails, if provided. shall be 36 inches (915
mm) minimum.
405.6 Rise. The rise for any ramp run shall be
30 inches (760 mm) maximum.
405.7 Landings. Ramps shall have landings at
bottom and top of each ramp run. Landings shall comply with 405.7.1 through 405.7.5.
405.7.1 Slope. Landings shall have a slope not
steeper than 1:48 and shall comply with 302. Changes in level are not permitted.
405.7.2 Width. The landing shall be at least
as wide as the widest ramp run leading to the landing.
405.7.3 Length. The landing length shall be 60
inches (1525 mm) minimum.
405.7.4 Change in Direction. Ramps that change
direction between runs at landings shall have a 60 inch (1525 mm) minimum by 60
inch (1525 mm) minimum landing.
405.7.5 Doorways. Where doorways are located
adjacent to a ramp landing, maneuvering clearances required by 404.2.4 and 404.3.2
shall be permitted to overlap the required landing area.
405.8 Handrails. Ramp runs with a rise greater
than 6 inches (150 mm) shall have handrails complying with 505.
405.9 Edge Protection. Edge protection complying
with 405.9.1 or 405.9.2 shall be provided on each side of ramp runs and at each
side of ramp landings.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Edge protection is not required on ramps that are not required to have handrails and have sides complying with 406.3.
2. Edge protection is not required on the sides of ramp landings serving an adjoining ramp run or stairway.
3. Edge protection is not required on the sides of ramp landings having a vertical drop-off of 1/2 inch (13 mm) maximum within 10 inches (255 mm) horizontally of the minimum landing area.
405.9.1 Extended Floor or Ground Surface. The
floor or ground surface of the ramp run or landing shall extend 12 inches (305
mm) minimum beyond the inside face of a handrail complying with 505.
405.9.2 Guard, Curb or Barrier. A guard, curb
or barrier shall be provided that prevents the passage of a 4 inch (100 mm) diameter
sphere, where any portion of the sphere is within 4 inches (100 mm) of the floor
or ground surface.
405.10 Outdoor Conditions. Outdoor ramps and
outdoor approaches to ramps shall be designed so that water will not accumulate
on walking surfaces.
Notes: |
1. |
Maneuvering clearance shall include the full width of the doorway. |
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2. |
Doors to hospital patient sleeping rooms are exempt from the clearance beyond the latch side of the door provided the door is 44 inches (1120 mm) wide minimum. |
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3. |
Add 12 inches (305 mm) if closer and latch are provided. |
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4. |
Add 6 inches (150 mm) if closer and latch are provided. |
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5. |
Add 6 inches (150 mm) if closer and latch are provided. |
Notes: |
1. |
Maneuvering clearance shall include the full width of the doorway. |
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2. |
Doors to hospital patient sleeping rooms are exempt from the clearance beyond the stop/latch side of the door provided the door is 44 inches (1120 mm) wide minimum. |
Notes: |
1. |
A slope steeper than 1:8 is prohibited. |
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