日本財団 図書館


 
China (3)
 Edited by
 Wang Haifeng     2000039
 
Country Report (China)
  Regarding the requests on Country Report, we worked out this Country Report of P. R. China.
  This report deals with three maritime-related aspects as specified in the request paper: governmental maritime administration organizations, basic data on marine transport, and research organizations on maritime affairs and ocean-related issues. Because of the limitation of accession to the updated statistics, all the data are collected up to 1999.
 
1. Information on governmental maritime administrative organizations
  In China, the Ministry of Communications of P. R. CHINA is in charge of maritime affairs. Under the ministry, there are three departments dealing with different aspects of maritime matters within the scope of their responsibilities. The Maritime Safety Administration deals with maritime safety and marine pollution. The Department of Water Transport Administration deals with the marine transport administration. The Rescue and Salvage Administration deals with marine search and rescue.
  Besides the Ministry of Communications, there are other two governmental agencies dealing with ocean pollution, namely The Bureau of Environmental Protection and The Bureau of Ocean Administration who work with the Ministry of Communications jointly regarding the marine pollution protection.
 
  The organizational chart is shown in Table 1.
 
2. Basic data on marine transport
(1) Role of marine transport
  Although we do not have the relevant data, confidently speaking, shipping plays very significant role in China's economy and its importance is becoming more and more outstanding with China's open-up.
  Because the foreign trade is recorded in value terms while the sea-born trade is recorded in volume terms, so we can not get the percentage of the marine transport amount in the entire international trade. We did not get the cargo volume carried by vessels in the Chinese international trade, here we use the throughput of the Chinese ports as reference. Because the transhipment cargo is double recorded, so this figure must be a little bigger than the figure of the cargo carried by vessels (see table 1.1).
In 1999, the cargo volume carried by ships reached to 1180 Million tons, which amounts to 9.22% of the entire domestic transport amount which is 12804.6 Million tons (see table 1.2).
  One thing that should be pointed out here is that the Chinese shipping witnessed a decreasing stage from 1995 to 1998, this is due to the impact of Asian financial crisis. But in 1999 we saw a big upsurge.
  Passenger carriage by water remains a declining trend. The passenger transport volume and turnover were 200 million person-times and 1.39 billion person-kilometers, down 4.8 percent and 2.5 percent respectively from 1998 (see table 1.3). In contrast to the decline in normal passenger traffic, the mainland-island traffic and tourist traffic grew fairly fast. This shows there is still much room for further restructuring of the passenger waterway transport.
 
(2) Magnitude of merchant fleets
  By 1999, China owned vessels with a total of more than 60 million DWT, including 40 million DWT of Chinese-flag vessels and 20.15 million DWT of convenience-flag vessels under the control of Chinese ship owners. Among 40 million DWT, 36 million DWT were engaged in international shipping (see table 2.1). According to the statistic of 1998, within all foreign trade cargo carried by sea, the share of those carried by Chinese carriers accounted to 38.6%, by Sinotrans who mainly chartering foreign vessels, accounted to 8.9%, and about 52% of foreign trade cargo were carried by foreign carriers.
  By 1999, the fleet of domestics shipping vessels was 26.68 Million DWT, including 6.89 Million DWT coastal fleet and 19.79 inland waterway fleet.
 
(3) Seafarers
  The number of Chinese seafarers is 1.2 million, including 380,000 seafarers serving on seagoing vessels.
 
(4) Ports
  In 1999 the throughput of main Chinese ports reached 1.27 billion tons. Comparing with 1998, the growth rate is 16.0 percent (see table 4.1). In 1999, the Chinese open ports accommodated 69290 Chinese vessels operating on international lines, with an aggregated tonnage of 642.33 million, up 15 percent and 20 percent respectively over 1998 figure (see table 4.2).
 
(5) Occurrence of marine disasters and marine pollution
  Regarding the occurrence of marine disasters, data is not available. The number of oil pollution is 25 in 1999, and the number of red tide is 15 in 1999 (see table 5.1).
 
3. Research organizations on marine affairs and ocean related issues
  At present, there are following main organizations involved in maritime research and ocean related issues.
1) Shanghai Maritime University, http://www.shmtu.cdu.cn/
2) Dalian Maritime University, http://www.dlmu.edu.cn/
3) Wuhan Transport University, http://www.whtu.edu.cn/default11.htm
4) Waterborne Transportation Institute of The Ministry of Communications, P.R.C, http://www.wti.ac.cn/
5) Shanghai Ship & Shipping Research Institute, http://www.sssri.com/
6) Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Science, http://www.qdio.ac.cn/
 
Table 1  Maritime Administration of China
(拡大画面: 92 KB)
z1172_01.jpg
Breakdown of Areas of Activity
  Policy
development
Regulation
legislation
Provision of
services
Economic
management
MOFTEC,
MOC, MSA
MSA COSCO, CCS,
MRSB, others
Safety
management
MOC, MSA MSA MSA
Environmental
managernent
MSA, BNEP MSA, BNEP MSA, BNEP
Other areas of
responsibility
MSA and others MSA and others MSA and others
 
Notes:
・CCS China Classification Society
・COSCO China Ocean Shipping Company Group
・MOC Ministry of Communication
・MOFTEC Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation
・MRSB Maritime Rescue and Salvage Bureau
・MSA Maritime Safety Administration
・BNEP Bureau of National Environment Protection
 
(5) Occurrence of marine disasters and marine pollution
Recent marine pollution occurred in Chinese territorial waters or involving Chinese flag vessels
  Oils Others Red tides Total
1997 19   19  
1998 23   22  
1999 25   15  
Note: Others include hazardous liquid substance, industrial waste, factory waste water and blue tide.

Table 5.1
 
 
1. The Role of Marine Transport
 
(1) Foreign trade amount and the relevant port throughput
Year Foreign trade(bil, USD) Port throughput on
foreign-trade cargo
(10 thousand tons)
Export Import
1995 148.8 132.1 63306
1996 151.1 138.8 62369
1997 182.7 142.4 61927
1998 183.8 140.2 59390
1999 194.9 165.8 61760
Table 1.1
 
(2) Waterway transport amount and its percentage in China's entire domestic cargo transport
Road Rail Tube Airplane
940387(76.16%) 165855(13.43%) 15274(1.24%) 101(0.01%)
983860(75.9%) 168803(13.02%) 15992(1.23%) 115(0.01%)
976536(76.54%) 169734(13.30%) 16002(1.25%) 125(0.01%)
976004(77.19%) 161234(12.75%) 17419(1.38%) 140(0.01%)
989000(77.24%) 157000(12.26%) 16300(1.27%) 160(0.01%)
Table 1.2
 
(3) Marine pessenger transport amount and its percentage in the entire pesserger transport in China
Year Pessenger
volume (10
thousand)
Passenger volume
by water waterways
(10 thousand)
Percentage on
the total
volume
1995 1172596 23924 2
1996 1244722 22895 1.8
1997 1325364 22570 1.7
1998 1360000 20600 1.5
1999 1390000 20000 1.4
Table 1.3
 
 
2. Magnitude of merchant fleets
 
(1) Size of China owned vessels employed in international transport
          unit: DWT 10,000 tons
Year Total Chinese flag vessel Foreign flag vessel owned by
Chinese enterprises
Percentage of
Chinese flag
vessels
Vessel number DWT Vessel number DWT Vessel number DWT  
1998 2430 3615 1180 1600 550 2015 44.3
1999 2428 3680 1888 1680 540 2000 45.8
Table 2.1
 
(2) Percentage of cargo loaded on board Chinese flag vessels in the whole cargoes bound for and from China
 According to the data collected in 1998, within all foreign trade cargoes transported by sea, the share of those transported by Chinese carriers accounted to 38.6%, by Sinotrans who mainly chartering foreign vessels to carry the goods, accounted to 8.9%, and more than 52% of total foreign trade cargoes by sea were carried by foreign carriers.
 
(3) Size of the fleet of domestic shipping vessels
          unit: DWT 10,000 tons
Total Coastal fleet Inland waterway
Vessel number DWT Vessel number DWT vessel number DWT
196967 2755 6820 911 190147 1843.8
  2668   689   1979
Table 2.3
 
 
3. Seafarers
 
 The number of Chinese seafarers: total 1.2 million, including 380,000 seafares on sea-going vessels.
 
 
4. Ports
 
(1) Cargo throughput at Chinese ports
          unit: 10,000 tons
Total throughput Coastal
ports
Inland ports  
Total In Out In Out In Out
111565 58020 53545 40899 39267 17121 14278
127423 69423 58000 43995 41157 25428 16843
130966 69514 61452 45687 45138 23827 16314
109221 56658 52563 44629 44445 12029 8118
126735 65962 60773 52159 50803 13803 9970
Table 4.1
 
(2) Number of international shipping vessels entering the ports of Chinese
Year Total Chinese flag vessels Foreign flag vessels
Number GT(mil.) Number GT(mil.) Number GT(mil.)
1995 149290 820
1996 157846 857
1997 203278 1015
1998
1999 124379 1140 69290 642 55089 498
Table 4.2








日本財団図書館は、日本財団が運営しています。

  • 日本財団 THE NIPPON FOUNDATION