34. Measles Immunization. UNHCR will advise UNICEF immediately of a new refugee situation where measles vaccination is a priority need. UNICEF will provide measles vaccine (and other antigens that may be required on an emergency basis) together with related equipment and supplies, including cold chain equipment, vaccination cards and also Vitamin A supplements. Arrangements for vaccination with UNICEF supplies will be decided by mutual agreement, taking into account the implementation capacity of national immunization services, NGOs and others.
35. EPI. UNICEF will assist national health authorities of the host country to provide full EPI services, where feasible, to refugee women and children, and will help health authorities to maintain the standard and coverage of service provision for host populations affected by refugee influxes.
36. Support to Safe Motherhood Practices. In the context of a new refugee situation, planning for implementation of maternal and neonatal care programmes will be undertaken by UNICEF and UNHCR in coordination with host country authorities, NGOs and other relevant organizations. In addition, UNICEF will make available clean delivery kits for home and institutional deliveries, whether assisted by professional birth attendants or not. When required, UNICEF will provide support to strengthen existing national referral systems for women experiencing complications.
37. Infant and young child feeding. In stabilized refugee situations, UNICEF and UNHCR will collaborate to support normal growth and nutrition in infants and young children. Emphasis will be placed on the promotion, protection and support of exclusive breastfeeding for six months and on continued breastfeeding for two years or beyond, while ensuring that children are given sufficient good-quality complementary food and the necessary care. Both organizations will ensure compliance with the established UNHCR policy for the Acceptance, Distribution and Use of Milk Products in Refugee Programmes.
38. Health education in general will also be promoted by both organizations and UNICEF will support information, education and communication activities among refugee populations, drawing on, and adapting as necessary, existing materials available in the host country and the country of origin.
39. Both agencies will coordinate with WHO in relation to basic health activities.
Water and sanitation
40. At the onset of a refugee emergency, UNHCR may approach UNICEF to assist in ensuring provision of adequate quantities of safe water and sanitary services, where feasible, to refugee populations. In the framework of its country programme of cooperation UNICEF will help national authorities to maintain the standard and coverage of service provision for affected host populations, and for returnee populations.
41. UNHCR and UNICEF will jointly review and adapt, as necessary, existing designs of sanitary facilities used in host countries in order to streamline approaches to environmental sanitation for refugees with those in force for host populations.
(iii) Reintegration Activities: Field-level Letters of Understanding
42. UNHCR will inform UNICEF concerning expected repatriation operations at an early stage of planning and negotiations for each operation or whenever large-scale spontaneous movements are expected. In preparation for the voluntary return of refugees to their country of origin, UNHCR, in consultation with the relevant government authorities, will agree on complementary initiatives focused on the areas of return, which will ensure the effective reintegration of the people, the availability of essential services, and the inclusion of these areas and their populations in longer-term national development programmes.
43. In each instance, such planning and proposed initiatives, whenever appropriate and feasible, shall be the subject of a field-level Letter of Understanding which reflects the particular circumstances surrounding the voluntary return and reintegration into the country of origin. In particular, such Letters of Understanding should set out, inter-alia, the specific institutional framework for cooperation; the agreed activities of each agency in support of returnee communities, especially those aimed at the capacity building of governmental structures and non-governmental organizations; and the intended linkages between the activities of both organizations.
