This was especially important regarding costudies involving adjacent or split laboratory specimens being multi-analyzed by several physical or chemical parameters, or both.
With this background, in early 1970, a joint international research proposal was prepared by the collaborations and submitted to their respective national science committees for review and judgement (J. Zumberge, et al.) and to funding agencies (J. Fletcher, R. Rudford, NSF) for appropriate support. The proposal received endorsement and awarded funding in each country. A detailed Science Plan defined and described the coordinated, cost sharing, multidisciplinary, long-term field and laboratory investigation of the Greenland ice sheet, GISP. It was proposed to drill to bedrock at three locations (2000+m); at six to eight intermediate depths (400m) and the 100m depth at a number of auxiliary sites. GISP also proposed to complete a detailed airborne radar depth sounding map of regional surface and bedrock topography to help locate the optimium drill sites (P. Gudmansen, TUD Lingby, Denmark). Other surface geophysical surveys were planned and a comprehensive state-of-the-art study of the ice cores was to be conducted.
6) The table in slide 6 shows all the intermediate and bedrock drillings accomplished during GISP.
7) The table in Slide 7 shows all the main 22 sites occupied during the 11-year GISP field program in Greenland.
At this time I would like to very quickly present a large group of slides which-are maily photographs illustrating field activities：
8) A meeting in Washington, D.C. of the US Academy of Sciences, Polar Research Board Panel on Glaciology, ca 1950, discussing plans for US participation in the IGY program.
9) A photograph of Dr. Heri Bader (right), Chief Scientist of USA SIPRE (1949-1962) at Site-2, Greenland in 1954. H. Bader was the prime innovator of modem ice core drilling in polar ice sheets. In 1947 he individually convinced the US Government to establish a research laboratory to investigate snow, ice and permafrost, which prompted the Corps of Engineers to found USA SIPRE (deceased December 6, 1998)
10) The surface location of the drilling at Site-2, 1957. Drill tower projects through roof covering drilling trench below. At left is a shelter enclosing generators and compressors.
11) The Failing-1500 mechanical drill in snow trench, 1957. Twenty foot steel drill pipes are to the left on wood plank floor.
