Sheet 79
MEASURES TO PREVENT BRIBERY AND CORRUPTION
There are various measures to prevent bribery and corruption such as these outlined below.
1 When employees wish to contribute an article to a magazine or give a lecture at an outside institute, for instance, they should be required to gain the permission of their supervisor in advance so as to prevent classified information being leaked or employees receiving unfair gratuity.
2 Employees in posts that provide inspection, auditing or licensing services should be rotated regularly so as to prevent the same people controlling authority in these areas for a 10ng period of time.
3 Travel or other miscellaneous expenses should be strictly accounted for so as to prevent the budget being wasted on false claims such as that for a fictitious mission.
4 Investigations or inspections should always be conducted by two or more employees. Decision making regarding licenses or permission should only be made after all the officers concerned have been consulted, and not before by the staff directly in charge of the matter.
5 When employees are asked to dine with the contractors that they are currently dealing with, they should be required to report to and receive permission from an ethics officer or their supervisor in advance.
6 Who has the final power of authorization must be clearly stipulated in writing. Perfunctory authorization should be fully prohibited. Matters over which authority or decision making power is granted to the officer in charge should be well defined in advance.
7 There should be a manual or a set of internal standards to judge cases regarding licenses or permission so as to prevent arbitrary judgment by the employees concerned.
8 Matters which require caution such as the signing of any contract that involves a large sum of money, should be discussed and decided upon by a committee or council.
9 Codes of ethics or rules of conduct should be made known to all the organizations concerned. These may also be distributed to contractors when seeking their cooperation to comply.