critical behaviour of the candidates it is necessary to know much more about causes and conditions of faulty actions.

It seems that there are a lot of questions to be answered with help of experimental psychology in order to bring simulation in this sense in accordance with a sound concept for minimisation or even preventive avoidance of safety-endangering actions - for instance, it remains open whether and how danger can be felt by simulation.

4.3 Transfer of simulator situations

Another area of simulation where the conduction of psychological experiments can be helpful in finding answers is the transfer of competences obtained from simulator training to real life.

5. Summary

Since it seems that all technological progress which have dramatically increased the systems complexity are for various reasons not able to solve the human error problem it becomes obvious that is time to concentrate in any further developments on the strength and weaknesses of the human being.

Marine simulators are a very useful tool in setting up standardized scenarios which will enable psychologists to observe human behaviour in complex systems/process control and decision making under the influence of systematically varied influences.

It should be mentioned that this new task of a marine simulators, that is to be a tool in experimental psychology, has to be considered when developing new simulators, because it should be possible to obtain next to the normal parameters such as course, speed, ruderangle, etc. information about the behaviour of the trainee such as whether and how which aids are used.

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