case of a simulator training, a merit is that training items can be
selected and concentrated on important cases. However, it is true that simulator training
is expensive. In order to get the maximum efficiency through the limited trainings, it is
important to make proper training scenarios.
Meanwhile, instructors must fully understand the simulator system,
scenarios and the characteristics of simulator trainings. As it has already been pointed
out, the instructors who are competent for simulator trainings must be brought up.
4. FOR THE REASONABLE DEVELOPMENT OF IBS
At present, big accidents of aircrafts are happening repeatedly caused
by the design of automated cockpits. The revision of the design are proceeding. We have to
learn many things through studying this matter in order to promote the reasonable
development of IBS. The higher IBS upgrades, the more problems like automated cockpits
could occur. The important points of development of the automated system are described in
the following, some of which are realized in the IBS.
- How to realize the support system
First, we must clear the support contents to match its object. Second,
the system must be harmonized with man-machine system. A pilot in an automated cockpit
often asks the following questions. Hughes et al.(1995) "What is it doing?",
"Why did it do that ?", "what is it going to do next?" The support
system must inform a human operator how, why, and at what aim the system is thinking. IBS
must be a transparent system.
- Evaluation of system functions
A human operator on board has a specific licence, his ability is
authorized by the official organization. But IBS acting one part of the automation has no
examination of qualifications. The system which has no licence and is not evaluated its
certain ability acts important functions in maneuvers. It is a serious problem.
One of the problems in the field of automated cockpits is that an
aircraft is controlled by system designers instead of pilots. The operation by the
automated system could to cause accidents as long as the system is not developed aiming at
all kinds of situation. We have to pay attention to these experiences of the aircraft
field and develop IBS.
Finally, we would like to point out the following words which mentioned
about the automated system.
Endo (1995)
1. It deprives rights to control.
2. It dose not tell what is happening.
3. It dose not notify when the timing is missed.
4. It is not afraid of death.
We hope that IBS will be developed without receiving such reputations.
5. CONCLUSION
Now the effectiveness of present IBS is recognized by operators, still
it will be a more useful and acceptable system when it is improved through the studies and
development suggested in this paper.
The development and the practical use of IBS have been proceeding
before the discussion on
