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APPENDIX B: U.S. GOVERNMENT MARITIME SECURITY
INITIATIVES - JULY 2005
The United States Government takes a layered and cooperative approach to maritime security, utilizing the expertise of federal, state and local authorities as well as that of the private sector and of international partners to create a system of security measures to protect one end of a sea-based journey to the other. The goal is to harmonize security measures and economic growth.
The layered, often interlocked or interrelated, security measures are designed to make it harder for terrorists or transnational criminal groups to attack the United States or harm our interests. These layered measures seek to protect the three phases of the maritime commerce chain -- overseas, in transit, and on U.S. shores. Following is an overview of the current maritime security programs and initiatives.
A. Overseas
Advance Electronic Cargo Information (24-Hour Rule)
To evaluate the terrorist risks from sea cargo arriving and departing the United States, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) requires that all sea carriers provide information necessary to ensure cargo safety and security pursuant to those laws enforced and administered by CBP, before cargo arrives in the United States. Cargo information for containerized and break-bulk shipments must be received through the CBP Sea Automated Manifest System 24 hours prior to loading the cargo aboard the ship in the foreign port. Cargo information for bulk shipments must be received by CBP 24 hours prior to arrival of the ship in the United States. Failure to meet the Required Advance Electronic Cargo Information Rule will result in a "Do Not Load" message, denial of unlading in the United States for the vessel, and other penalties.
Contact: Department of Homeland Security/Customs and Border Protection/Office of Field Operations
Phone: 202-344-1320
Fax: 202-344-2777
Email: manifest.branch@dhs.gov
Website:
Container Security Initiative (CSI)
The Container Security Initiative (CSI) is an initiative that was developed by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11. The primary purpose of CSI is to protect the global trading system and the trade lanes between CSI ports and the United States. Under the CSI program, a team of officers is deployed to work with host nation counterparts to target all containers that pose a potential threat. Announced in January 2002, CSI was first implemented in the ports shipping the greatest volume of containers to the United States. CBP has entered into bilateral discussions with all the foreign governments where these top ports are located and is now expanding to additional ports in strategic locations.
The four core elements of CSI:
(1) using intelligence and automated information to identify and target containers that pose a risk for terrorism;
(2) pre-screening those containers that pose a risk at the port of departure before they arrive at U.S. ports;
(3) using detection technology to quickly pre-screen containers that pose a risk; and,
(4) using smarter, tamper-evident containers.
Contact: Department of Homeland Security/Customs and Border Protection/Office of International affairs/Container Security Initiative Division
Phone: 202-344-3040
Fax: 202-344-2040
E-mail : containersecurity@dhs.gov
The Megaports Initiative
Under this program, the Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration installs radiation detection equipment in the world's largest and busiest ports to help detect, deter, and interdict illicitly trafficked nuclear and other radioactive materials through the global maritime system before they reach U.S. shores. This program also provides training to host government officials in the operation and maintenance of the equipment. The program provides technical resources to complement the Container Security Initiative (CSI). The Megaports Initiative has installed monitoring systems in the Netherlands and Greece, and is installing equipment in the Bahamas, Belgium, Singapore, Spain, and Sri Lanka.
Contact: The Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration/William Kilmartin
Phone: 202-586-0513
E-mail: William.Kilmartin@nnsa.doe.gov
Transshipment Country Export Control Initiative (TECI)
TECI seeks to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the illicit diversion of sensitive U.S.-origin technology though global transshipment hubs. TECI works cooperatively with transshipment hub governments to strengthen export control systems and prevent improper re-exports and transshipments of U.S.-origin items. It also reaches out to the transportation industry to strengthen private trade compliance efforts through the adoption of best practices and other efforts. By doing so, TECI seeks to enhance security and confidence in international trade flows. As part of TECI, the Bureau of Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce has posted export control attaches in certain transshipment hubs, including the United Arab Emirates and Hong Kong, to work with host governments and local transportation firms.
Contact: Bureau of Industry and Security, Department of Commerce/Ajay
Kuntamukkala
Phone: 202-482-1458
E-mail: akuntmu@bis.doc.gov
Export Control and Related Border Security Assistance (EXBS)
EXBS is a U.S. government interagency program managed by the Department of State. It seeks to prevent proliferation of weapons of mass destruction by assisting foreign governments establish and implement effective export control systems that meet international standards.
Drawing on the expertise from the Departments of State, Homeland Security, Commerce, Energy, Defense, and the private sector, the EXBS program has helped countries around the world improve their ability to prevent and interdict shipments of dangerous items and technology by providing a wide variety of practical assistance tailored to each individual country's needs.
Contact: Department of State /Office of Export Control Cooperation
Phone: 202-647-1675
E-mail: CrouchKE@state.gov
Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI)
The PSI, announced by President Bush on May 31, 2003, seeks to stop shipments of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), their delivery systems, and related materials to and from States and non-State actors worldwide. In September 2003, 11 countries committed to and published the PSI Statement of Interdiction Principles, which identifies specific steps for effectively interdicting such WMD-related shipments and preventing proliferation facilitators from engaging in WMD-related trafficking. Since then more than 60 countries have indicated their support for PSI, and 19 countries are actively participating in the PSI Operational Experts Group (OEG).
Contact for PSI diplomatic outreach: Department of State/Thomas D. Lehrman
Phone: 202-647-0069
E-mail: LehrmanTD@state.gov
Regional Maritime Security Initiative (RMSI)
RMSI, jointly coordinated by Pacific Command and the U.S. Department of State, is a capacity-building program focused on enhancing cooperative security and maritime law enforcement capabilities in the East Asia and Pacific region, with an initial focus on the Malacca Straits. The Initiative is designed to increase maritime situational awareness though enhanced information gathering and sharing, not only among maritime agencies within a State, but also between States. It also aims to enhance effective decision-making procedures and interdiction skills.
Contact: U.S. Department of State /EAP/FO/Steve McGann
Phone: 202-647-7953
E-mail: McGannCS@state.gov
Maritime Transportation Security Act (MTSA) and the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code
Under the Maritime Transportation Security Act, the U.S. Coast Guard verifies the compliance of foreign ports and flag states vessels with the ISPS Code, which was adopted by the International Maritime Organization in December 2002 and came into force on July 1, 2004. The ISPS Code is a comprehensive, mandatory security regime, comprised of both mandatory and recommendatory components, for international shipping and port operations. It requires vessels and port facilities to conduct security assessments, develop security plans and hire security officers. It seeks to provide a standardized, consistent framework for evaluating risk, enabling governments to ensure that security measures are implemented in proportion to the potential risk to security, which may vary from time to time.
Contact: Department of Homeland Security/U.S. Coast Guard
For Ports: International Port Assessments/CDR Joseph LoSciuto
Phone: 202-366 1497
Fax: 202-366-1456
Email: jlosciuto@msc.uscg.mil
For Vessels: Foreign Vessel Compliance/LCDR Jason Neubauer
Phone: 202-267-1406
Fax: 202- 267-0506
E-mail: jneubauer@comdt.uscg.mil
International Port Security Program
Under this program, the U.S. Coast Guard and host nations work jointly to evaluate the countries' overall compliance with the ISPS Code. The U.S. Coast Guard uses the information gained from these visits to improve the United States' own security practices and to determine if additional security precautions will be required for vessels arriving in the United States from other countries.
Contact: Department of Homeland Security/U.S. Coast Guard/International Port
Assessments/ CDR Joseph LoSciuto
Phone: 202-366 1497
Fax: 202-366-1456
E-mail: jlosciuto@msc.uscg.mil
Customs - Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT)
C-TPAT is a voluntary partnership between CBP and industry to secure the international supply chain from end to end. C-TPAT importers and other industry leaders secure supply chains from the foreign factory loading docks of their vendors to the port of arrival in the U.S. In turn, CBP offers C-TPAT shipments expedited processing and provides C-TPAT participants with other benefits.
In order to join C-TPAT, a company must conduct a self-assessment of its current supply chain security procedures using C-TPAT security criteria and best practices developed in partnership with logistics and security experts from the trade. A participant must commit to increasing its supply chain security to meet minimal supply chain security criteria. It must also commit to working with its business partners and customers throughout their supply chains to ensure that those businesses also increase their supply chain security.
Contact: Department of Homeland Security/Customs and Border Protection/Office of Field Operation
Phone: 202-344-1180; fax: 202-344-2626
E-mail: industry.partnership@dhs.gov
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