Wei-Yuan Hwang is the Applied Research Program Manager at the Department of Information Technology, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy. His work includes the development, execution and coordination of research projects, applications of computer simulation, and math modeling at the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF). He also assists in promoting and supporting teaching and learning through technologies. He received Ph.D. (1980) in Ocean Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, B.S. (1972) in Mechanical Engineering from National Taiwan University, and a Technology Management Certificate (1985) from Polytechnic Institute of New York. He is a member of SNAME H-10 Ship Controllability Panel.

　

 Bent K. Jakobsen is presently at the Computer Science Corporation (CSC) Advanced Marine Center. His work includes the development of algorithms and the hydrodynamic mathematical models used in the CSC simulators. He has been in this field for 20 years. He received his M.S. (1965) in Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture from the Technical University of Copenhagen. He is a SNAME member serving on H-10 Ship Controllability Panel.

　

 Roderick A. Barr, President and Technical Director of Hydronautics Research, Inc., received his Ph.D. in Naval Architecture from the University of California at Berkeley. He is the Deputy Chairman of SNAME Panel H10, and a past member of the ITTC Manoeuvring Committee and Esso Osaka Specialists Committees, and has been active in the development of IMO maneuvering performance standards.

　

 Vladimir K. AnKudinov, Head of Research at BMT Designers & Planners, received his Ph.D. in Ship Hydrodynamics from the St. Petersburg Technical University and authored over 200 professional papers on ship design, hydrodynamics, testing and computer applications. His recent efforts are focused on the development of the advanced simulation models and support of the USACE and EU SEA-AHED R&D Project for simulators applications. He is a member of SNAME H-10 Ship Controllability Panel.

　

 Nathan R. Fuller retired in 1995 as a Senior Naval Architect with U.S. Coast Guard after 37 years in both the Navy and Coast Guard. He is recognized and has published in the fields of submarine radiated noise, ship directional stability and control, side protective systems, computer applications, and underwater explosions. Positions held included Test Engineer, Trial Director, Engineering Manager for acquisition, conversion, and maintenance, and Design Engineer for new designs and design modifications (including hull design and performance prediction). He graduated 1963 from VPI with a BS in Mechanical Engineering (options in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering). He is a member of SNAME and the Society of Boat and Yacht Designers, and life member of Tau Beta Pi.

　

 Louis C. Vest, Houston Pilot, is a native of Texas. He graduated from Annapolis in 1971 with a major in foreign affairs. He served in the Navy in the Pacific from 1971 to 1976, worked on supply boats for offshore, drilling operations in Colombia for two years with Offshore Logistics. He came back to the States and switched to integrated tug/barge work. He was invited to join the Houston Pilots Association in 1986. He has been a member of the pilot's safety committee intermittently for approximately 10 of those years.

　

 Michael A. Morris, Houston Pilot, is a 1975 graduate of the United States Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point. Previous to becoming a pilot he sailed on tankers for a major oil company for over 20 years, 13 of which were as Master. He joined the Houston Pilot Association in 1995. He serves on the American Pilot Association's Technology Committee, the Houston-Galveston Navigation Safety Advisory Committee (HOGANSAC),and the Houston Pilot's Safety and Rules Committee.

　

 Andrew W McGovern worked with the Sandy Hook Pilots of New York and New Jersey since 1977, receiving his Federal License in 1981 and State License in 1985. He coordinated the Parade of Sail for Op Sail in 1997 and 2000 and numerous "fleet weeks" and other marine events. He is the Vice Chairman of the American Pilots' Association's Navigation and Technology Committee; he also chairs the U.S. Coast Guard's Merchant Marine Personnel Advisory Committee. As a Certified Accident Investigator he served on numerous investigations for the National Transportation Safety Board. As Chairman of the Harbor Safety, Navigation, and Operations Committee since l995, he accepted the "Harbor Safety Committee of 2001 Award" from the U.S. Secretary of Transportation for achievements during the rescue and relief operations on September 11.

　

 Alexander C. Landsburg is the Coordinator of Research and Development for the U. S. Maritime Administration and chairs SNAME Panel H-10 (Ship Controllability). Alex holds Bachelor (1966) and M.S. (1968) degrees in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan and is a 1979 Harvard graduate of the Professional Management Development Program. Recently focusing on human factors, risk, and safety aspects of maritime transportation, Alex has authored over 24 professional papers, chapters in two books, and twice received the SNAME's award for best Section paper. He has received the Bronze medal for Superior Federal Service, several Secretarial team awards, and the 1999 Transportation Secretary's Gold Medal Award. Alex is the current chairman of SNAME Panel H-l0 (Ship Controllability) .

　

 The authors would like to thank Dr. N. Norrbin, Capt. T. Knierim, Capt. H. Hensen, and Capt. H. Groh for their enthusiastic inputs to the study. The SNAME H-10 Panel is also grateful for the support of U. S. Merchant Marine Academy and Dr. J. Puglisi for facilitating the survey and focus group meeting.