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3.3 Emergency and abnormal procedures
Emergency and abnormal procedures are essential for optimum Workload Management.
The emergency procedures refer to SOLAS Conference 29.11.1995' Decision support system for masters on passenger ships (SOLAS/Conf.3/46, Annex, page 14, regulation 24.4). Operation of Integrated Navigation, Control and Communication systems should be considered in the following procedures:
- Blackout;
- Fire;
- Stranding;
- Collision;
- Man-over-board situations;
- Unlawful acts threatening the safety of the ship and the security of its passengers and crew;
- Emergency assistance to other ships;
(the list is not complete)
All emergency procedures should be presented in a logical structure, e.g. by listing each emergency control mode in the form of a checklist, and by providing appropriate overviews.
The abnormal procedures should focus on alarms and items not generally needed in normal operation. Typical situations are sub-system failures that require decisions regarding the level of automation to be used.
Both emergency and abnormal procedures should carefully consider the failure analysis of the system.
A list of alarms of different subsystems should be harmonized to cover the whole Integrated Bridge System (IBS). Special emphasis should be laid on operational procedures in case of an alarm to switch the system on a lower automation level, manual mode or to switch sensor.
Note: All checklists based on Standard Operational Procedures should be provided in an easy-to-handle, concise and durable form.
3.4 Passage plans
The Passage Plan should be programmed in the Integrated Navigation System. The normal procedures related to the route should be programmed in the waypoint data. The procedures should contain at least the following information:
- Speed and track limits;
- Control mode (e.g. heading, course, track and speed);
- Compulsory radio communication; and
- Reference to the checklists.
The route should be programmed with a safe practice taking into account routing systems, fairway lines, channel marks, shallow waters and oncoming traffic.
The track limits should be sufficiently large to avoid operationally unnecessary alarms.
Passage planning should conform to resolution A.893(21) - Guidelines for voyage planning.
3.5 Records
The bridge procedures should include clear instructions on marking, starting, ending and storing of records and passage plans provided by the IBS.
Recording should conform to resolution A.916(22) - Guidelines for the recording of events related to navigation.
4 Implementing new technology
A modified IBS should only be put into normal operation after successful functional testing.
During all new equipment or new version tests, the procedure to switch to manual or emergency control should be obvious. The minimum requirement to conduct the procedure is one command per device. The procedure should be documented. A new system should not be operated before new manuals have been delivered and studied.
The test should start in a safe area with the technically simplest mode. The technical level can be increased when the crew is familiar with the mode and when the crew has ensured that the desired operational safety is achieved.
The officers should be aware of which area and which mode testing is allowed. Regular meetings should be held to plan and decide fixed time periods for the proceedings of the technical tests and operational training within the Company limits documented in the Vessel Operating Manual (VOM).
5 Training programme
The company, in co-operation with the relevant manufacturers, should establish a training programme for all officers which have operational duties involving the IBS.
5.1 Knowledge-based training
In designing theoretical training packages, the following items should be amongst those to be considered:
- Manoeuvring characteristics of the ship;
- Operational limitations;
- Propulsion and control systems, both manual and automatic modes of operation and emergency controls;
- Communication systems;
- Integrated Navigation System; and
- Navigation and communications procedures for normal, abnormal and emergency
situations.
5.2 Skill-based training
In designing theoretical skill-based training packages, the following items should be amongst those to be considered:
- Handling the ship in normal, abnormal and emergency situations;
- Using all available levels of automation relevant to the operational situation;
- Failure mode control; and
- Adherences to the Company's Standard Operating Procedures (SOP).
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