Gould, S.J. and Calloway, C.B. (1980) Clams and Brachiopods-ships that pass in the nihgt. Paleobiology, 6 (4): 383-396.
Gould, S.J. (1991) Wounderful Life The Burgess Shale and the Natural History. 347pp.
Penguin Books London, etc. (日本語版:渡辺政隆(訳) (1993) ワンダフル・ライフ:524pp. 早川書房)。
Hoffman, H.J. (1992) Proterozoic carbonaceous compressions ("metaphytes" abd "worms"). In Bengutson, S. (ed.) Early Life on Earth. Columbia University Press, New York, 342-357.
Kasting, J.F. (1992) Proterozoic climates: the effect of changing atomospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. In Schopf, J.W., and C. Klein, eds., The Proterozoic biosphere. New York: Cambridge University Press. 165-172.
Kasting, J.F., Holland, H.D. and Kump, L.R. (1992) Atomospheric evolution: the rise of oxygen. ibid., 159-163.
Knoll, A.H. (1992) The early evolution of Eukaryotes; a geological perspective. Science, 256: 622-627.
Landing, E. (1994) Precambrian-Cambrian boundary global stratotype ratified and a new perspective of Cambrian time. Geology, 22: 179-182.
Margulius. L. and Schwartz, K.V. (1988) Five Kingdoms. An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth. (Second Edition) W.H. Freeman and Co., New York.
Mojzsis, S.J., Arrhenius, G., McKeegan, K.D., Harrison, T.M., Nutman, A.P. & C.R. Friend (1996) Evidence for life on Earth before 3, 800million years ago. Nature, 384, 55-59.
Ramskoeld, L. (1992) The second leg of Hallucigenia discovered. Lethaia 25, 221-224.
Ramskoeld, L. and Hou, X. (1991) New early Cambrian animal and onychophoran affinities of enigmatic metazoans. Nature 351: 225-228.
Raup. D.M. (1983) On the early origins of major biological groups. Paleobiology, 9 (2) : 107-115.
Runnegar,B. (1982) Oxygen requirements, biology and phylogenetic significance of the late Precambrian worm Dickinsonia, and the evolution of the burrowing habit. Alcheringa 6, 223-239.
Schidlowski, M. (1988) A 3,800-million-year isotopic record of life from carbon in sedimentary rocks. Nature, 333: 313-318
Schopf, J.W. (1992)The oldest fossils and what they mean. In Schopf, J.W. (ed.) Major Events in the History of Life, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, 29-63.
Schopf, J.W. and Walter, M.R. (1983) Archaean microfossils: New evidence of ancient microbes. In Schopf, J.M. (ed.) Earth's Earliest Biosphere. Its Origin and Evolution. xxv + 543pp. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. 214-239.
Sepkoski, J.J.Jr. and Miller, A.I. (1985) Evolutionary faunas and the distribution of Paleozoic marine communities in space and time. In Valentine, J.W. (ed.) Phanerozoic Diversity Patterns: Profiles in Macroevolution, 153-190. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press and Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., ix + 441.