They are 17 units, 12 units and 3 units respectively. The demands for these new turbochargers are increasing, because high efficiency and high pressure ratio are being required due to the increase of brake mean-effective pressure of diesel engines.
Kawasaki Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (KHI) produced 47 units of turbochargers in 1999. These turbochargers are installed in the large marine diesel engines above 460mm bore. All these turbochargers are new models which can contribute for high pressure ratio and high efficiency of diesel engines. The details are 19 units of NA48/S, 27 units of NA57/T9 and 1 unit of NA70/T9. The 15 units of them were delivered to Chinese engine builders and also KHI has already received the order from Chinese engine builders for the delivery in 2000.
Niigata Engineering Co.,Ltd. produced 195 units of turbochargers in total. The details are 1 unit of NR/S, 164 units of NR/R and 4 units of NA/T under the license of MAN-B&W and 26 units of the conventional NHP type.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Co.,Ltd. (MHI) produced 414 units of MET type turbochargers in 1999. The production number of MET-SE type turbochargers, which were developed to meet the demand for high pressure ratio and high efficiency, is increasing. In addition, the largest type MET90SE was newly added to the MET-SE series. The first delivery of MET90SE is scheduled in June 2000 and this turbocharger is being applied to the marine propulsion engines of the large container ship.
Turbo Systems United Co.,Ltd. (TSU) delivered 2,355 units of turbochargers in total which were manufactured by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries (IHI) and ABB KK. The details are 521 units of VTR, VTC and TPL type with axial turbine and 1,834 units of RU, RH and TPS type with radial turbine. The requirement of the turbochargers for high pressure ratio and high efficiency is increasing in both types. The 13 units of the newly developed TPS52 and TPS57 were used for the middle size marine propulsion engines. TPL80B was applied to VLCC marine propulsion engine 7RTA84T (27,160kW, 74rpm) and reached 70% of the total efficiency, which is 2% higher than conventional type.
[Takeo WAKAHARA]
5. Boilers
5.1 General
The number of production of boilers for marine use has been on the gradual decrease with the peak in 1990, but since 1995, the number of production has been on the level-off condition of 475 in 1997. 437 in 1998, and 445 in 1999 and in a stable trend while repeating the slight increase and decrease.
In the prospect in 2000, there are many demands for replacement of VLCCs on the global basis, and many order receptions for LNG carriers and large container carriers are expected.
In the technological aspect, researches and developments have been continuously achieved in energy saving, labor saving, low-grade fuel, and waste oil disposal.
Nippon Kaiji Kyokai performed the examination and analysis on the accidents of boilers, and promotes the policies on design and manufacture in future to each manufacturer, and the operational guidelines to each ship owner.
5.2 Number of Production
Fig.5.1 and Fig.5.2 show the production of boilers for marine use during 12 years since 1988 which are summarized in "Statistics of Products in Marine Industry" by the Ministry of Transport.
Fig. 5.1 shows the number of production of boilers by the kind, and the total number of production of boilers for marine use (main boilers + auxiliary boilers) has been in an approximately level-off trend, but in 1997, 1998 and 1999, the number of production of main boilers (for LNG carriers) and large auxiliary boilers (for VLCCs) is on the increase.
5.3 Major Trend
5.3.1 Main Boiler
For the main boilers of LNG carriers in 1999, MHI received orders of 12 boilers including 6 boilers of 55 T/h, 4 boilers of 60 T/h, and 2 boilers of 61 T/h.
Also, in this fiscal year, the inquiries from Europe (Spain) Project and West Australia Project together with the inquiries of LNG carriers for Indian Project are started, and LNG as the energy seems to be in the increasing trend of the demand.
Upgrading of the automation equipment and monitoring system on board these ships has been requested, and the countermeasures for NOx and SOx will surely be imposed similar to the land-based plants in future.
5.3.2 Auxiliary Boiler
One hundred and eight four sets of auxiliary boilers, and one hundred and forty three sets of composite boilers were manufactured in 1999.
