The headquarter of the simulation can check all mails and control the processing time and progress of the scenarios.
4.2. Scenario of the marine incident model.
The scenario has three stages:
The first stage, an oil tanker grounds or collides with another ship and causes discharge of oil or noxious liquid substances in the gale force weather or heavy traffic area. The spilled oil or noxious liquid spreads larger area and pollutes the surrounding area. MSA orders the first operation to the MDPC.
The participants who role as the MSA, MDPS, salvage engineers and cope with rescuing the casualties and ships, prevent oil leakage and recovered the spilled oil.
The second stage accomplishes parallel to the first stage. The combating measures are changed from the first operation to the second operation under the commission of the ship owner and others. The spilled oil drifts to the urban area, beach, and sanctuary and also affects fishing, tourism, and ferry operation. The local government includes the fire brigade and police, volunteers, fisherman and dockers struggle to prevent, recover and dispose the drifting oil near on the coastline.
The third stage, the supplier of the preventive materials and machinery, examine the optimum logistic. The local government and private sector figures up the cost of measures and compensation of the damages. P&I Club surveyors assess the environmental damage and check all claims from persons, groups, and associations companies in the local government.
5. Conclusion
The frequency of the dispatched mails from each group during the simulation is shown in Fig. 4. The number of mails between related group increase along the scenes of scenario proceeds. This change of frequency shows the resemblance to activity records of "Nakhodka" incident4).
During the exercise, from viewpoint of macroscopic movement, the participants showed very similar processes of judgement, determination of rescue, prevention and recovery of the oil to the ship N incident.
The trial at the KUMM is still in the process of refinement in terms of scenario models, methodology, communication tools and the Internet accesses. However, this gives experience and general knowledge in anticipating any kind of marine natural hazards. This kind of trial is very effective and valid to educate and train the participants who have not had experience and general of any kind of natural hazards including, earthquakes, volcanic eruption, marine hazard, industrial incidents and emergency manual of companies in the short period.
Fig. 4. Mails of each group3)
Reference:
1. K. Ishida & E. Nishikawa, "Maritime Hazard Models for Simulation Exercise at MET institutes". Proceeding of International Maritime Lecturers Association (IMLA 10), 1998, St Malo France
2. E. Nishikawa & K. Ishida," On the Contingent Response System for Marine Disasters of Large Oil Spill", JSME Kansai.N0.74 Conference No. 994-1, 1999, pp 11-15,16
3,4. MarHazard Kenkyukai. KUMM, Research report pp. 19-22, 1999.
