d. Standardization of Attachments and Fitting Interfaces Between the Equipment and the Ship
Interface arrangements such as the fitting bed, the connecting position of the fuel oil line, the cooling water line and air line between the equipment on board and ship were found to be almost all completely different and depended upon the number of manufacturers and types of equipment. Due to the above situation, it is then very difficult to change the manufacturer and type of equipment which has already been chosen for the first ship in a series, and usually shipyards charge an extra cost for design changes for their design staff. It seems that the interference of open competition and these points should be improved aiming at standardization.
e. Merit of Standardization for the Marine Equipment Manufactur, Shipyard and Shipowner
The following points are the merits of standardization from each party's position.
･ Easy operation
･ Education and Familiarization of the crew
･ Unified design policy
･ Correspondence to the ship's system
･ Interchangeability of spare parts
･ Reduction of man-hours on technical meetings
･ Prevention of production errors
