1 ) Lawton MP : Assessing the competence of older people. In : Kent DP 、 Kastenbaum DJ 、 Sherwood S (eds) 、 Research planning action for the elderly : The power and potential of social science, Behavioral Publications, 1972.
2 ) World Health Organization : The use, of epidemiology in the study of the elderly : Report of a WHO scientific group on the epidemiology of aging, WHO Techinical Report Series 706 ,1984.
3 ) Rowe JW : Health care of the elderly. NEJM 312 : 827-835 . 1985.
4 ) Katz S ,Ford AB , Moscowitz RM , et al . :Studies of illness in the aged , JAMA 185 : 914-919. 1963.
8 ) Lawton MP, Brody EIM : Assessment of older people : Self‐maintaining and instrumental activ,ities of daily living. Gerontologist 9 : 179‐186 ,1969.
9 ) Pfeffer RI , Kurosaki TT , Harrah Jr MC , etal , : Measurement of functional activities in older adults in the community . J Gerontol 37 :323-329 . 1982.