Expansion of the metropolitan area has resulted in large increases in trip lengths. Moreover, in line with the growing trend of motorization, car traffic (especially during the morning rush)is on the increase, the result of which is a gradual worsening in road congestion and, consequently, falling road transport efficiency and growing air pollution in surrounding areas.
Just to show the state of environmental pollution in the Cape Metropolitan Region, levels of CO. HC, NOX and other atmospheric pollutants have increased by 80% as a result of slower car traveling speeds, and it is forecast that CO and HC levels will double and NOX levels will increase by a further 80% by the end of this century.
The effects of car exhaust fumes are the worst in the inner city area of Cape Town. That is to say that, being surrounded by Devil's Peak and Table Mountain, etc., the inner city area possesses a unique topography that makes photochemical smog caused by exhaust fumes and sunlight apt to occur. Extremely serious effects of this were recorded between 1984 and 1989. The Medical Officer of Health has stated that this is a matter of great concern, and it is considered that atmospheric pollution in Cape Town and especially the inner city area is reaching serious proportions where the effect on citizens' health can no longer be ignored (Liebenberg and Stander, 1992).
The LRT system being proposed here would at least present absolutely no problem in terms of atmospheric pollution and can indeed be recommended from the viewpoint of helping to prevent air pollution.
7.3.2 Landscape
The unique mountain landscape of Cape Town, symbolized by Table Mountain facing onto the coastline, is the basis of the city's tourist attraction. Moreover, as can be inferred from the name of "the Tavern of the Sea," Cape Town has a long history and its landscape is one of much traditional and cultural interest. The preservation of this natural and cultural heritage for future generations is an important policy within the urban development planning of Cape Town.
