of the analysis and field study that were conducted on the natural conditions and socioeconomic conditions of Pakistan based on the data that we have collected.

First, as sustainable growth in Pakistan requires increased productivity in the agricultural sector, assistance from aid-providing nations and international organizations will have to place further emphasis on investments for the improvement of agriculture.

Second, from the viewpoint of increasing the efficiency of aid, the subject of aid shall be concentrated in areas that have high cost-benefit and are easy to maintain and operate. Therefore, any aid will have to fully utilize the resources that are locally available.

These are some of the points I would like to emphasize later.

Therefore, possible subjects of governmental development aid with regard to irrigation are: l) construction of dams and power plants; and 2) maintenance and operation including repair of irrigation facilities (i.e. lining of canals and construction of drainage facilities). While both have indispensable significance for the agricultural development of Pakistan, priority shall be given to maintenance and operation of irrigation facilities when considering the problem of salt damage and water logging and efficiency of aid that is provided. When "construction of dams and the power plant facilities" and "maintenance and operation of irrigation facilities" are compared as subjects of investment, the former is an option that requires large-scale investment and a long time while the latter can be started from a small project scale as it has technological divisibility in terms of investment, and can be implemented as an accumulation of projects on a water course basis.

In particular, investments toward water courses (supply and drainage) are expected to offer maximum cost-benefit because its investment effect (including labor input) will be offered directly to the beneficiary farm households, thereby making it relatively easy to mobilize natural resources and open the door for maintenance and operation on a long-term basis, In addition, materials (e.g. clay) that will be needed in the process can be obtained locally for effective utilization of local resources. Therefore, a priority shall be given to the improvement of water courses from the viewpoint of its high cost-benefit and ease of maintenance and operation. Needless to say, financial assistance must be provided for mobilization of these rural resources even in the event that beneficiary farmers are directly in charge of such mobilization. In other words, to support, to offhand for the purpose of paying the farmers.

Second, the installation of wells is also desired as part of water resource development for farm plots. Its diffusion however, requires a stable and inexpensive supply of electricity. Moreover, as installation of tube-wells can aggravate the salt damage problem in regions that have saline groundwater, it will be necessary to identify such regions without delay and limit the installation of tube-wells in such regions. Furthermore, priority must be given to water course improvement projects in salt-affected regions as long as alternative source of water supply cannot be expected.

Similarly, the improvement of salt injury shall be addressed by fully utilizing the resources that are available in rural areas. In concrete terms, it would be desirable to support the use