This survey has selected the Punjab Province as its subject in view of the significance of the agricultural production of Punjab Province in the agriculture of Pakistan, and the problems associated with salt damage and water logging that are occurring in the Province despite the extensive irrigation network that are in place.

Pakistan is in the midst of financial difficulty where the total payment for its national defense and interest payment of foreign debt accounts for about 60010 of national expenditure. For this reason, agriculture-related subsidies from the Pakistan Government are being discontinued one after another under the conditionality of the World Bank. The Water and Power Development Authority which has been engaged in irrigation and water supply, is in the process of shifting to self-supporting programs by separating its profit-able electric power division. If the financial independence of these irrigation-related organizations is carried out as scheduled, it would significantly reduce the funds available for irrigation infrastructure, which, in turn, would have a serious impact on agriculture in Pakistan. This is because enormous investment in infrastructure is required for maintenance and repair of canals and tube wells.

According to an analysis of Pakistan's economy in this survey, cutbacks in subsidies for agricultural production are predicted to cause a decrease in agricultural production of this country and become an obstacle to the development of Pakistan's economy as a whole. It is therefore necessary for aid-providing nations and international organizations to offer assistance in the realm of agriculture for the purpose of its development.

The survey selected Sheikhupura District, a typical rice and wheat growing region in Punjab Province, as the area of its field study. But even in the same district the productivity of agricultural is not homogenous, and different from region to region. The disparity of agricultural productivity in these districts is largely attributable to their distance from main canals and roads as well as differences in the quality of their groundwater. For this reason, we adopted the two villages -- Village K and Village A were selected as the place of the actual field survey based on the differences in groundwater quality and distance from main canal and Lahore, the provincial capital of the province. The water demonstrated, through the comparison of village K which was close to the main canal, and village A, which was far from the main canal, that the difference in productivity was due to differences in the conditions of water supply.

The field of study was mainly conducted in the form of a hearing survey of field workers, Patwaris and farmers, and based on reference materials on the areas in study that were provided by the Agricultural Department of Punjab Province.

As mentioned with regard to the selection of the place of study, the necessity of improvement of salt damage, water logging and irrigation are recognized for the development of agriculture in Pakistan.

Pakistan is in a situation where basic studies that are needed for assistance are not necessarily being carried out sufficiently. In addition, the limitations of this study in terms of area and time make the data obtained from this study insufficient for discussing concrete aid requirements of Pakistan as a whole. However, the following can be stated as a result