2. To measure the candidate's capability to master the practical aspects of the course.

3. To measure the candidate's capability to master the applied aspects of the course.

4. To be well-balanced as regards both level of difficulty and suitability of time allocated for answers.

5. To include questions with the adequate level of significance.

Proposed Methodology to Enhance the Development
of Existing Methods of Assessment

・The major factor which will affect the process of determining the subject exam construction is the course objectives¹ set by IMO model course. Specific questions that reflect the course objectives, in the data bank can be determined and prioritized. In our case study, i.e., Navigation, the objectives are:

"On completion of the course, the trainee will possess an understanding of the basic principles of Navigation as a whole. His understanding of this subject, together with knowledge gained in other areas, will enable him to carry out routine day to day navigation watchkeeping duties in a proper and safe manner...".

Specific questions that reflect the course objectives of Navigation, in the data bank can be classified into the following three categories:

The second important factor is classification and grouping items of IMO model courses to be close to the subject items determined by any national authority. This factor reflects the flexibility of using IMO model courses. Referring to the 'Terrestrial Navigation' subject-areas determined by IMO model courses, as in Table (2):

¹ IMO model courses objectives have to be revised to be more concise

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