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（2）我が国専門家
（1）「HNS流出事故における対応者の安全」
Responder's Safety at HNS Release accident
Masahiro Kodama
KISO CHEMICAL ENTERPRISES LTD.
Nov. 16, 2006
Contents of lecture
・1. Introduction
・2. What is HNS?
・3. Precaution to
respond to HNS
release accident
・4. Case study
・5. Summary
OPRC-HNS Protocol
・OPRC expanded to OPRC-HNS.
・On Preparedness, response and cooperation to pollution incidents by hazardous and noxious substances (HNS).
Release-accident of NITRO BENZENE in China
Nitro Benzene
・Colorless to yellow, oily liquid
・Paste shoe-polish smell
・Melting Point 5.7C
・Solubility in water
・1.797mg/1(25C)
・V.P. 0.255mmHg/25C
・Sp.Gr. 1.2037(20/4C)
・Flash Point 88C
・TLV(ACGIH) 1ppm
・LD50 orl rat 640mg/Kg
・Absorbed through skin
・Cyanosis due to methemoglobin formation
What is HNS?
・Definition of HNS
Any substance other than oil, if introduced Into marine environment, likely to create hazards to human health, to harm living resources and marine life, to damage amenities or to Interfere with other legitimate use of the sea.
Sulfuric acid
・Concentrated H2S04
・More than 90%
・Not attack mild steel
・Diluted H2S04
・Less than 90%
・20-85% attack mild steel to produce hydrogen gas
・50% most corrosive
Necessary knowledge for responding to HNS release accident
・Chemistry
・Toxicology
・Physics
・Dangers of HNS release accident
1) Flammability
2) Toxicity
3) Reactivity
4) Corrosivity
5) Control of dangers
6) Influence to Marine environment
7) Protections, Safety Equipments
8) Others
Important Data Source for HNS (MSDS)
・Problems on Materials Safety Dater Sheet (MSDS)
・1) Important Data Source on HNS, provided by Manufacturer.
・2) However, it is not easy to understand the contents.
・3) Some system to obtain technical assistance on HNS Emergency should be set up.
Difference of response between To HNS and to Oil
・OIL release accident
1) Many oil release accidents have occurred in the past.
2) Handling oil is not so dangerous to human.
3) Responding personnel are not necessarily specialists.
4) Responding measures have been set up already.
・HNS release accident
1) HNS release accidents are not many.
2) Handling HNS is dangerous to human.
3) Responding personnel should be specialists.
4) Responding measures are in course of preparation.
Danger of HNS
1) Danger from Toxicity
2) Danger from Flammability and Explosively
3) Danger from Reactivity
4) Those complex danger
Case study on each danger
1) Toxicity- related accident
Poisoning accident by toxic gases from the cargo.
2) Flammability and explosivity-related accident
Explosion accident in a pump room of Benzene tanker.
3) Reactivity-related accident
Cause of explosion is hydrogen which is generated by chemical reaction.
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