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RESULTS
Baseline relationships
The baseline correlations among variables are presented in Table 1. Because all participants selected were obese and inactive at the baseline, the magnitude of the correlation between BF%, VO2max, and LV variables was probably limited. Neither BF% or VO2max was significantly correlated with LV variables.
Body composition and Insulin
Changes in body composition after 24 weeks are presented in Table 2. In the aerobic exercise training group, weight and BF% significantly decreased (p<0.01) while lean body mass significantly increased. (p<0.05). In the control group, however, weight and BF% significantly increased (p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively) while lean body mass did not change. Abdominal fat had a tendency to increase in the control group, while it significantly decreased in the aerobic exercise group. Insulin concentration was significantly decreased, but showed no change in the control group.
Table 1 Baseline variables correlations for all subjects.
| |
BF% |
VFV |
EF |
FS |
LVmass |
| VO2 |
-0.621＊ |
-0.38 |
-0.14 |
-0.147 |
0.074 |
| BF% |
|
0.464 |
0.209 |
0.213 |
-0.126 |
| VFV |
|
|
0.454 |
0.301 |
0.126 |
| EF |
|
|
|
0.959＊＊ |
0.331 |
| FS |
|
|
|
|
0.288 |
|
| Values are correlation coefficients. BF%, Body fat percentage,
VFV, Visceral fat volume; EF, Ejection fraction; FS, Fractional shortening. ＊P<0.05,＊＊P<0.01 |
Table 2 The change in body composition, abdominal fat and insulin
between baseline and 24weeks
| |
Control |
Aerobics |
| Baseline |
24weeks |
Baseline |
24weeks |
| Body composition |
| Weight (kg) |
74.6 ± 7.75 |
76.3 ± 7.53＊ |
74.5 ± 7.97 |
67.4 ± 6.21＊＊ |
| Body fat (%) |
40.6 ± 2.97 |
41.8 ± 3.15＊＊ |
41.4 ± 3.02 |
33.7 ± 2.22＊＊ |
| Lean body mass (kg) |
44.2 ± 3.25 |
44.2 ± 2.79 |
43.4 ± 3.21 |
44.6 ± 3.52＊ |
| Abdominal fat |
| Total fat volume (cm3) |
883.0 ± 108.10 |
1037.7 ± 196.85 |
902.1 ± 94.29 |
727.0 ± 100.34＊＊ |
| Subcutaneous fat volume (cm3) |
741.5 ± 101.05 |
822.0 ± 138.76 |
755.2 ± 85.94 |
621.7 ± 102.36＊ |
| Visceral fat volume (cm3) |
141.5 ± 13.58 |
215.7 ± 76.07＊ |
146.8 ± 17.00 |
105.3 ± 14.35＊＊ |
| Visceral/Subcutaneous |
0.19 ± 0.02 |
0.26 ± 0.07＊ |
0.20 ± 0.02 |
0.18 ± 0.05 |
| Blood ingredient |
| Insulin (IU/ml) |
23.8 ± 4.73 |
24.4 ± 4.93 |
24.3 ± 13.89 |
13.8 ± 5.13＊ |
|
| Significantly different from baseline: ＊:
p<005,＊＊: p<0.01 |
| Values are mean ± D |
Cardiac function
Changes in left ventricular function after 24 weeks are presented in Table 3. Most variables were unchanged in the control group. However, while LVmass was not changed in the aerobic exercise group, FS and EF were significantly increased (p<0.05) after 24 weeks. Also, VO2max (ml/kg/min) was significantly increased (p<0.05).
Relation between body composition and left ventricular variables
Data examining the relationship between body composition and left ventricular function is presented in Table 4. Individual changes in V02max, BF%, or VFV was not correlated with individual changes in LV structure and function.
Table 3 The change in cardiorespiratory function between baseline and 24weeks
| |
Control |
Aerobics |
| Baseline |
24weeks |
Baseline |
24weeks |
| LV function |
| LVmass (g) |
108.7±13.72 |
101.4±9.99 |
110.1±15.71 |
108.0±9.50 |
| FS (%) |
34.0±2.31 |
33.1±1.35 |
34.3±0.95 |
36.3±1.98＊ |
| EF (%) |
62.7±3.25 |
61.6±1.90 |
63.0±1.41 |
65.9±2.73＊ |
| Pulmonary function |
| VO2max
(ml/kg/min) |
32.9±2.81 |
32.5±2.33 |
32.6±4.14 |
41.7±4.47＊ |
|
| Significantly different from baseline : ＊ : p<0.05 |
| Values are mean ± D |
Table 4 Correlation of coefficient between changes in body composition
and changes in left ventricular variables.
| |
Δweight |
Δ%body fat |
ΔTFV |
ΔSFV |
ΔVFV |
ΔEF |
ΔFS |
ΔLVmass |
| ΔVO2max |
-0.486 |
-0.618＊ |
-0.643＊ |
-0.608＊ |
-0.591＊ |
0.092 |
0.028 |
0.206 |
| Δweight |
|
0.630＊ |
0.593＊ |
0.605＊ |
0.642＊ |
0.232 |
0.285 |
-0.162 |
| Δ%body fat |
|
|
0.476 |
0.359 |
0.404 |
-0.076 |
-0.03 |
-0.087 |
| ΔTFV |
|
|
|
0.909＊＊ |
0.937＊＊ |
0.067 |
0.131 |
-0.279 |
| ΔSFV |
|
|
|
|
0.804＊＊ |
-0.033 |
0.059 |
-0.293 |
| ΔVFV |
|
|
|
|
|
0.248 |
0.286 |
-0.237 |
| ΔEF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.984＊＊ |
0.309 |
| ΔFS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.287 |
|
| Values are correlation coefficients. TFV = Total fat volume; SFV
= Subcutaneous fat volume; VFV = Visceral fat volume; EF = Ejection fraction;
FS = Fractional shortening. ＊p<0.05, ＊＊p<0.01 |
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