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Bangladesh
 Edited by
 Khondaker Md. Asaduzzaman  1998079
 
 Country Report on Bangladesh
         by
   Khondaker Md. Asaduzzaman
  WMU Student Number (ID Number): 98079
 
Bangladesh, with a population of approximately 130 million and a land area of 1,48,393 sq km, lies in the north-eastern part of South Asia. It is a maritime country bounded by the Bay of Bengal throughout its southern border. About 95% of its overseas trading is routed through maritime sector. The limits of territorial waters of Bangladesh are 12 nautical miles and the area of the high seas extending to 200 nautical miles measured from the baselines constitutes the exclusive economic zone of the country.
 
1. Governmental Maritime Administrative Organisations
 
Ministry of Shipping
Bangladesh Secretariat, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
Tel. : 880-2-8618033
Fax : 880-2-8618122
 
In Bangladesh, the Ministry of Shipping is the highest administrative body of the government with regard to administering and regulating the marine transport system. It is the apex policy-making organisation in the maritime sector in general.
 
The Ministry operates and discharges its responsibilities through a number of agencies under its administrative control. Those are as follows:
 
Department of Shipping
141-143 Motijheel C.A., Dhaka, Bangladesh
Tel. : 880-2-9555128
Fax : 880-2-9666159
 
It is an executive agency under the Ministry of Shipping with wide-ranging regulatory functions like implementation and enforcement of national and international laws and conventions relating to marine transportation, maritime safety administration, registration of ships, survey etc. The Department of Shipping also plays an important role in drawing up acts and regulations applicable to the country's maritime sector including those regarding safety of shipping and control of marine pollution from ships.
 
The Department of Shipping has a number of a organisations under its administrative control. These are:
 
a) Mercantile Marine Department (in Chittagong and Khulna)
b) Government Shipping Office (in Chittagong)
c) Engineer and Ship Surveyors' Office (in Dhaka, Narayanganj, Khulna, Barisal)
d) Directorate of Seamen's Welfare (in Chittagong)
e) Marine Academy (in Chittagong)
f) Seamen's Training Centre (in Chittagong)
 
Chittagong Port Authority
Bandar Bhaban, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Tel. : 880-31-712500
Fax : 880-31-710593
 
The Port of Chittagong is the principal port of Bangladesh. It is located on the right bank of the river Karnaphuli at a distance of about 9 nautical miles from the coastline of the Bay of Bengal in the south-eastern part of the country. It is run by an autonomous body called the Chittagong Port Authority.
 
Mongla Port Authority
Mongla, Bagerhat, Bangladesh
Tel. : 880-4031-762331
Fax : 880-4031-224
 
It is a separate autonomous body that runs the Mongla Port. The Port of Mongla is one of the two sea ports of Bangladesh. It is situated on the east bank of the Pussur River in the south-western part of the country.
 
Bangladesh Shipping Corporation
Saltgola, Agrabad C.A., Chittagong, Bangladesh
Tel. : 880-31-713277
Fax : 880-31-710506
 
Bangladesh Shipping Corporation (BSC) is the only state-owned shipping enterprise of the country. It provides shipping services on international routes and also carries out all activities connected with or ancillary to the country's shipping.
 
Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority
141-143 Motijheel C.A., Dhaka, Bangladesh
Tel. : 880-2-9565561
Fax : 880-2-9551072
 
It is an autonomous body responsible for development and maintenance of inland waterways and inland ports.
 
Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Corporation
5 Dilkusha C.A., Dhaka, Bangladesh
Tel. : 880-2-9554100
Fax : 880-2-9563653
 
It is an autonomous body operating its inland and coastal vessels on a commercial basis.
 
2. Basic Data on Marine Transport
 
2(1) Role of Marine Transport
The marine transport in Bangladesh plays a vital role in the national economy especially by carrying a huge amount of export and import cargo. In fact, the country's foreign trade is almost entirely dependant on marine transport. An estimated 95% of its overseas trading is routed through it's sea ports. The amount of marine transport trade in the last three years is as follows:
 
   1999-2000 :  18,147,159 MT
   1998-1999 :  17,223,692 MT
   1997-1998 :  13,953,617 MT
 
 Bangladesh is a riverine country, and a network of rivers and their tributaries numbering about 230 with a total length of about 24,140 km covering the whole country flow down to the Bay of Bengal. Therefore transportation by waterways is considered to be an easy mode of transportation. Currently about 5.6 million metric tons of domestic cargo (28% of the total) and about 90 million passengers (17% of the total) are transported annually by inland and coastal vessels.
 
2(2) Magnitude of Merchant Fleets
Bangladesh Shipping Corporation (BSC), the state-owned shipping company, owns 13 ships with a total capacity of 195,744 DWT, out of which 10 are cargo vessels, 1 container vessel and 2 lighterage oil tankers. With the existing fleet BSC can carry only about 7-8% of country's export and import cargo. It has taken up a plan to build up a mixed fleet of 24 ships by 2005. In the private sector there are more than 60 shipping companies but only a few of them own a total of 12 ocean-going vessels with a total capacity of 138,861 DWT.
 
In 1999-2000 the national flag vessels carried 697,701 metric tons of import cargo out of a total of 16,085,611 metric tons, and 399,053 metric tons of export cargo out of a total of 2,061,548 metric tons.
 
There are 7,067 registered inland vessels of various types and sizes in the country which carry goods and passengers through the inland and coastal waterways.
 
2(3) Seafarers
At present there are 4721 registered seamen of Bangladeshi nationality working on both national flag and foreign flag vessels. Besides, there are about 700 marine officers.
 
2(4) Ports
Bangladesh has got two sea-ports -- Chittagong Port in the east, and Mongla Port in the west. More than 80% of the total sea-borne export and import cargo of the country is handled by the Chittagong Port, while Mongla Port handles the rest.
 
The amount of cargo handled at Chittagong and Mongla Port in the last two years is as follows:
 
Year Cargo Handled (in MT)
Chittagong Port Mongla Port
1999-2000 15,140,216 3,006,943
1998-1999 13,903,268 3,320,424
 
The two ports handled 1765 and 1823 ocean-going ships in 1999-2000 and 1998-1999 respectively along with a large number of coastal and inland water transport ships.
 
2(5) Occurrence of Marine Disasters and Marine Pollution
During a devastating cyclone in April 1991 a number of vessels staying in Chittagong Port area suffered serious damages. A few ships sank in the channel and one slammed onto a bridge over the River Karnaphuli and knocked down part of it. The most recent one of such accidents took place in May 1998. A lighterage tanker of Bangladesh Shipping Corporation was damaged in a collision with a cargo vessel at the outer anchorage of Chittagong Port during a cyclone, causing an oil spill in the sea.
 
A bigger oil pollution incident occurred in Mongla Port in 1994. A Panamanian flag ship named MV Pavlina-1 caught fire and a considerable quantity of oil leaked into the water. The largest ever oil spill in Bangladesh waters took place back in 1989. MT Filothei, an old Cypriot vessel arrived at the outer anchorage of Chittagong Port fully loaded with crude oil, and an ongoing spill was detected immediately. The spill continued for about thirty hours, and the total amount of spilled oil was calculated to be 2,247.70 long tonnes. Widespread damage was done to fisheries, other aquatic resources and coastal vegetation.
 
3. Research organizations
 
There is a Research and Development Unit under the Department of Shipping. It carries out evaluation of bilateral shipping agreements, ship acquisition proposals and shipping business plans of both public and private sector companies, and conducts research on different maritime issues and policies. It also keeps shipping statistics of the ESCAP region.
 
STRUCTURE OF MARITIME ADMINISTRATION IN BANGLADESH
z1144_01.jpg
DOS   : Departmrnt of Shipping
BIWTA : Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority
BIWTC : Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Corporation
BSC  : Bangladesh Shipping Corporation
MMD  : Mercantile Marine Department








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