SECTION 3. DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES OF THE AREA
Article 151 Policies relating to activities in deep sea-bed mining
1. Production policies on deep sea-bed mining shall be based on the principle of the Common Heritage as defined in Articles 137-140 above.
2. Production policies shall aim at sustainable development and shall include environmental impact assessment, the use of environment-friendly technology, and the conservation of biodiversity.
3. Production policies shall be in accordance with international trade law and the pertinent rules and regulations adopted by the International Trade Organisation.
4. Production policies shall enhance co-operation, not competition in ocean space and maximize internationalisation of environmentally sustainable technology development. The Authority shall seek the assistance of the Global Environment Facility and of industrialized countries who shall act in accordance with their obligations under the Climate Convention (Article 4) and the Biodiversity Convention (Article 25).
5. Based on the principle of equity inherent in the concept of the Common Heritage of Mankind, and striving to contribute to the eradication of poverty essential for the attainment of sustainable development, the Authority shall seek the support of international funding agencies and industrialized countries to assist developing countries in the diversification of their industries and the lessening of their dependence on the export of commodities the prices of which may decline or collapse, whether due to activities in the Area or in areas under the jurisdiction of other States or to structural changes in demand for such commodities that may be caused by developments of synthetics, recycling, miniaturization or other aspects of the new phase of the industrial revolution of which sea-bed mining will be a part.
Article 152 Exercise of powers and functions by the Authority
1. The Authority shall avoid discrimination in the exercise of its powers and functions, including the granting of opportunities for activities related to sea-bed exploration and exploitation.
2. Nevertheless, special consideration for developing States, including particular consideration for the land-locked, geographically disadvantaged and small island developing States among them, as specially provided for in this Part, shall be permitted.
Article 153 System of research and development, exploration and exploitation
1. Activities in the Area and related sea-bed activities shall be carried out in cooperation with the Authority on behalf of mankind as a whole and in accordance with this article as well as other relevant provisions of this Part and the relevant Annexes, and the rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority.
2. Scientific cooperation, Research and Development, Exploration, and exploitation of resources shall be carried out through the Enterprise System, which is the operational arm of he Authority, in accordance with Section 4 of this Part.
Article 154 Periodic Review Conferences
1. The first review conference shall be held fifteen years after the entry into Force of the Convention. Thereafter, review conferences shall be held regularly every five years.
2. The Review conferences shall ensure the maintenance of the principle of the common heritage of mankind, the international regime designed to ensure equitable and sustainable development of the resources of the deep sea-bed for the benefit of all countries, especially the developing States, and the reservation of the Area for exclusively peaceful purposes.
3. The decision-making procedure applicable to the Review Conferences shall be the same as that applicable to the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea.
4. Amendments adopted by a Review Conference shall not affect rights acquired under existing contracts and agreements.
SECTION 4. THE AUTHORITY SUBSECTION A. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 155 Establishment of the Authority
1. There is hereby established the International Sea-Bed Authority, which shall function in accordance with this Part.
2. All States parties are ipso facto members of the Authority.
3. Observers at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea who have signed the Final Act and who are not referred to in article 305, paragraph 1 (c), (d), (e) or (f), shall have the right to participate in the Authority as observers, in accordance with its rules, regulations and procedures.
4. The seat of the Authority shall be in Jamaica.
5. The Authority may establish such regional centres or offices as it deems necessary for the exercise of its functions.
Article 156 Nature and fundamental principles of the Authority
1. The Authority is the organization through which States parties shall, in accordance with this Part, organize and regulate activities in the Area, with a view to enhancing scientific research in the deep sea, promoting international cooperation in research and development of deep-sea technologies, developing the resources of the Area, and protecting the environment and biodiversity in the deep sea.
2. The powers and functions of the Authority shall be those expressly conferred upon it by this Convention. The Authority shall have such incidental powers, consistent with this Convention, as are implicit in and necessary for the exercise of those powers and functions with respect to activities in the Area and in cooperation with States Parties.
3. The Authority is based on the principle of the Common Heritage, on the principle of sustainable development, and on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its members.
4. All members of the Authority shall fulfil in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with this Part in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership.
Article 157 Organs of the Authority
1. There are hereby established, as the principal organs of the Authority, an Assembly, a Council and a Secretariat.
2. There is hereby established the Enterprise System as the operational part of the Authority.
3. Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be established in accordance with this Part.
4. Each principal organ of the Authority and the Enterprise System shall be responsible for exercising those powers and functions which are conferred upon it. In exercising such powers and functions each organ shall avoid taking any action which may derogate from or impede the exercise of specific powers and functions conferred upon another organ.