d. Poor selection and maintenance of course (cited for 98, or 11.4%, of the 861 vessels involved in groundings during the period)
・ Obstructions were present for 28, or 28.6% of the vessels involved in groundings, ascribed to this cause. The obstruction was a vessel traveling in the opposite direction for nine of these vessels, a fishing vessel in operation for eight and a vessel traveling in the same direction for seven.
e. Improper ship operational control (indicated for 44, or 5.1%, of the 861 vessels involved in groundings during the period)
・ The majority of the crew members in charge of steering - 20, or 45.5% of the total - had more than 30 years experience at sea. Of the 20, 15, or more than 70%, were masters.
f. Insufficient consideration to weather and sea conditions (identified for 27, or 3.1%, of the 861 vessels involved in groundings during the period)
・ A total of 34 weather warnings or cautions had been issued for 22, or 81 .5% of the vessels involved in groundings attributed to this cause. High sea warnings were issued for 17, or 50.0%, of these vessels, strong wind warnings for 12, or 35.3%, and fog warnings for three, or 8.8%.
g. Improper command/supervision of duties (indicated for 85, or 9.9%, of the 861 vessels involved in groundings during the period)
・ In terms of position, deckhands accounted for the majority - 24, or 28.2% - of persons maneuvering vessels involved in groundings attributed to this cause, followed by chief engineers, at 17, or 20.0%, and chief officers, at 12, or 14.l% of the total.
・ For 22 of these vessels involved in groundings ascribed to this cause, directions and/or supervision provided by the master were cited as being the cause of the accident. Improper reporting or handover was cited in six cases, while the performance of both the master and the persons on watch was identified in 57 cases.
