"2. Independent news media, both print and broadcast, must be allowed to emerge and operate freely in all countries.
"3. There must be no discrimination by governments in their treatment, economic or otherwise, of the news media within a country. In those countries where government media also exist, the independent media must have the same free access as the official media have to all material and facilities necessary to their publishing or broadcasting operations.
"4. States must not restrict access to newsprint, printing facilities and distribution systems, operation of news agencies , and availability of broadcast frequencies and facilities.
"5. Legal, technical and tariff practices by communications authorities which inhibit the distribution of news and restrict the flow of information are condemned.
"6. Government media must enjoy editorial independence and be open to a diversity of viewpoints. This should be affirmed in both law and practice.
"7. There should be unrestricted access by the print and broadcast media within a country to outside news and information services, and the public should enjoy similar freedom to receive. foreign publications and forcing broadcasts without interference.
"8. National frontiers must be open to foreign journalists. Quotas must not apply, and applications for visas, press credentials and other documentation requisite of their work should be approved promptly. Foreign journalists should be allow to travel freely within a country and have access to both official and unofficial news sources, and be allowed to import and export freely all necessary professional materials and equipment.
"9. Restrictions on the free entry to the field of journalism or over its practice, through licensing or other certification procedures, must be eliminated.
"10. Journalists, like all citizens, must be secured in their persons and be given full protection of law. Journalists working in war zones are recognized as civilians enjoying all rights and immunities accorded to other civilians.
"Let's look at the full meaning and implication of each word in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
"Everyone. This first world is radical because it empowers every person to enjoy and commands every government in the world to enforce the following freedoms of expression. It is not qualified. It does not say "only in democracies."
"The world does not limit freedom of expression to government officials, journalists, scholars or experts. Everyone means every person living in any country no matter what its form of government. That was a radical, even revolutionary, idea in 1948 and it still is 50 years later.
