Figure 5　Ocean temperature anomaly in the zonal section along the equator for the first mode at the phase lag 120°, obtained from linear regression on the temporal CEOF of the VAT with the phase lag. Contour interval is 0.05K.

Figure 6　Longitude-time (phase lags) section for the first mode variations of ocean temperature at 110m depth (a) along 20°N and (b) along the equator, and (c) SST and (d) surface zonal wind stress, along the equator, respectively, calculated by linear regression on the temporal CEOF of the VAT with each phase lags.

　

SECOND MODE

　

Figure 7 shows the second CEOF mode (spatial pattern at two typical phases) of the VAT that accounts for 21.2% of the filtered total variance. The temporal coefficient of this mode has a spectral peak around 15 year period, which is consistent with that for the third mode EOF of SST (Fig. 2b). This mode shows a dipole structure in the North Pacific that rotates clockwise around the North Pacific subtropical gyre.

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