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This was not only because ruin was needed for the diffusion of the Revolution. The country needed to import chemical fertilizers since a great amount of input of them was a necessary condition of the Green Revolution. The proportion of imports of chemical fertilizers plus foodgrains ("agricultural-related imports" hereafter) to the total imports was less than 20% before the agricultural crisis, and increased to 23.3% in fiscal 1964, then to 25.4%, 36.5%, and 33.2% in the following three years. The average rate for the period from the agricultural crisis to fiscal 1975 was 24%, which made the foreign-reserves constraint severer for import-substitution industrialization.

It went down below 10% only in fiscal 1977, and since then, the machinery import index and technological/collaboration have been reviving. Before this point is the lost ten years of the external relationships viewpoint.

From what has been discussed here, we can conclude that the statuses in balancing between population and food supply have substantially affected the industrialization strategies in India.

 

2. Turning to Agriculture-Oriented Policies:

Green Revolution and Agricultural Problems

 

The agricultural sector, which was becoming a burden on economic growth, forced the Indian government to change their industry-preferred policy to an agriculture-oriented one. When the agricultural crisis occurred, the exploitation of arable land was approaching limit, and any increase in crops had to rely on improvement in land productivity. During the same period, many other developing countries were relying on imports of foodgrains also to cope with the population growth. To deal with such situations, a new agricultural method based on the high yielding varieties of wheat and rice, called the Green Revolution was developed. India is probably one of the countries that received the most benefit from this method.

 

 

 

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