provinces and regions in 1990 (Neimeng had the highest proportion - 11.4%). There were 12 provinces, municipalities and regions who had carried out suspect examination in 1979 (Yunnan had the highest proportion - 12.5%); these decreased to 8 provinces and regions in 1990 (Qinghai had the highest proportion - 14.3%).
3. Proportion of Clinical Consultation Among General Hospitals and Tuberculosis Dispensaries
As described in above paragraph, majority of the infectious tuberculosis cases were detected by clinical consultation. Among 1,093 known bacteriological positive cases detected by clinical consultation before this survey, 92.2% were detected firstly by general hospitals or general clinics and only 7.8% were detected firstly by tuberculosis facilities. Jilin had the highest proportion (45.8%) of known cases detected by tuberculosis facilities; Liaoning came next (38.3%). The proportions were 19.6-10.8% in six provinces and regions e.g. Xingjiang, Neimeng etc.; 9.3-1.5% in 12 provinces and regions e.g. Heilongjiang, Zhejiang etc.; 0% in 8 provinces, municipalities and regions e.g. Hebei, Shanghai etc,. Since Beijing had only two known bacteriological positive cases in this survey, it is not advisable to compare with other provinces).
Comparing the results in 1984/85 survey: the proportion of cases detected in general clinics was 92.2% (98.1% in 1984/85) and showed a 5.9% decrease; correspondingly, 7.8% (1.9% in 1984/85) of the cases were detected in tuberculosis dispensaries and showed a 5.9% increase.
In city and countryside: The proportion of bacteriological positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases detected in the general hospitals or clinics in the cities through clinical consultation was 75.8%; it was lower than that in town (96.9%) and countryside (93.0%). The proportion of case detected by tuberculosis dispensaries in the city was 24.2%; it was higher than that in town (3.1%) and countryside (7.0%).
? DETECTION OF INFECTIOUS SOURCES
The smear positive cases and bacteriological positive cases made up 25.5% and 33.3% of total pulmonary tuberculosis cases respectively in this survey. The smear positive cases amounted to 76.5% of total bacteriological positive cases. The proportion of smear positive cases among total pulmonary tuberculosis cases were 25.1% in 1979 and 25.5% in 1990 and showed on significant change. These figures indicated that the proportion of sputum negative patients among total pulmonary tuberculosis cases is still rather high and showed no change in these years.
Among 29 provinces, municipalities and regions, Shanghai had the highest proportion (41.5%) of smear positive cases among total pulmonary tuberculosis patients; Fujian (37.6%), Neimeng (33.8%), Jiangsu (33.1%) followed. Xizhuang had the lowest proportion (9.5%) and Yunnan (14.4%), Heilongjiang (20.4%), Jiangxi (21.0%) followed. Fujian had the highest proportion (46.8%) of bacteriological positive cases among total pulmonary tuberculosis patients; Jiangsu (46.6%), Shanghai (46.3%), Hubei (43.8%) followed, Yunnan had the lowest proportion (20.4%) and Jiangxi (25.5%), Liaonig (28.0%), Hebei (28.3%) followd. Culture examination is not available in Xizhuang. Shanghai had the highest proportion (89.5%) of smear positive cases among total bacteriological positive cases. The provinces who had the proportion >85% were Anhui (86.7%), Hainan (86.4%), Ningxia (86.4%), Henan (86.2%). These proportion revealed that the quality of direct smear examination of sputum in those provinces was better and a higher proportion of main infectious sources had been detected.
As compared with results in 1979 survey, 16 out of 28 provinces, municipalities are regions (Hainan is a newly established administrative provinces recently) had higher proportion of smear positive cases than 1979. Five provinces and municipality i.e. Neimeng, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Shanghai and Shaanxi showed a big increase (18.2-12%). The other 12 provinces and municipalities showed no change or lower than 1979.
? REGISTRATION RATE AND PROPORTION OF REGISTERED CASES
In whole country: The registration rates of active tuberculosis, bacteriological positive cases and smear positive cases in this survey were 56/100,000, 23/100,000 and 19/100,000 respectively and these were 23/100,000, 11/100,000 and 10/100,000 respectively in 1984/85 survey. All these three registration rates were increased in these five years. The proportions of registered cases among all tuberculosis cases (registration rate/prevalence) were also increased in these 5 years. The proportions of registered pulmonary tuberculosis cases, bacteriological positive cases and smear positive cases among total existed cases were 11.5%, 13.9% and 15.4% respectively; these were 4.4%, 5.9% and 7.0% in 1984/85 survey and showed 2.6 times, 2.4 times and 2.2 times increase respectively. The fact indicated that the registration of pulmonary tuberculosis patients had considerably improved in these years.
In city, countryside: The proportions of registered active tuberculosis, bacteriological positive cases and smear positive case in the city were 49/100,000, 15/100,000 and 12/100,000 respectively. All these proportions were lower than that in 1984/85; these were 57/100,000, 27/100,000 and 25/100,000 respectively. On the other hand, all these proportions in town and countryside in 1990 were higher than that in 1984/85. These were 60/100,000, 24/100,000 and 21/100,000 respectively in 1990; These proportions were 16/100,000, 8/100,000 and 7/100,000 respectively in 1984/85. Theses figures indicated that the tuberculosis registration had been significantly strengthened in countryside due to the acceleration of establishment of tuberculosis control facilities and the progressive improvement of tuberculosis control services in countryside.
Registration rate/prevalence (Proportion of registered cases): The proportion
