indicators of human development: number of families below the official poverty line; incidence of official poverty in the province; infant mortality rates; mal nutrition rates; cohort survival rates; adult illiteracy rates; proportion of house holds without access to safe water; and proportion of households without access to sanitary toilets.
8.16. The problem with this methodology is that the MBN indicators cannot be aggregated higher than the barangay (village)level because it has no baseline data for some specific indicators. Hence, the construction of an index should be limited only to barangay level.
9.0. Urbanity
9.1. About 29.4 million, or 47 percent of the Philippine population, as recorded in the 1990 census, lived in urban areas. By comparison, only about 32 percent lived in urban areas in 1970. The size of the urban population then was less than half (11.7 million) in 1990. In 1980, 17.9 million or 38 percent of the population lived in urban areas.
9.2. The fertility level in rural areas remained to be higher than in urban areas. However, because of continuing migration of people from rural areas to urban areas, the urban population increased more rapidly compared to the rural population.
9.4. The 1980-1990 period saw an all-time high in the tempo of urbanization. The urban population grew at the rate of 4.7 percent while the rural population grew at the rate of 0.7 percent, the lowest ever recorded since 1918 (Abejo, 1995: Table 1.1). Consequently, the tempo of urbanization in the 1980 to 1990 intercensal period was 4.0 percent. This is more than twice the tempo in the 1960-1970 intercensal period, which was 1.5 percent. In the 1970-1980 intercensal pe riod, the tempo was recorded at 2.6 percent.
9.5. The growth of the urban population is attributed to three factors, namely, natural increase, migration and the reclassification of rural areas to urban areas. The contribution to the increase in the size of the urban population of the reclassification of rural areas to urban areas is believed to be significant.
