damaged can be provided as duties of flag states, shipowners and operators.
(2) Establishment of procedures capable of tracking and predicting movements of spilled oil
Upon the hull fracturing, spilled oil began to spread and drift over a large sea area, and it was practically impossible to constantly monitor oil slicks, initiating immediately after the incident.
The following are hoped in the future:
・ Establish a system to collect information on drifting oil utilizing satellites
・ Workout measures to predict oil movements with greater accuracy
・ Build up an oil monitoring and predicting scheme on a non-profit basis to support countries sustaining oil spill damage.
(3) Development of materials and equipment available in rough seas
Fig.17 shows the development status of oil recovery systems worldwide investigated by Ship and Ocean Foundation. However, there are no oil recovery vessels or collecting equipment capable of operating in waters with significant wave heights of 2 m or more.
As suggested by the case of the NAKHODKA, in which oil spread and drifted over a large area within several days after the incident, it is desired to develop several classes of shipborne oil-collecting systems that are internationally standardized so that they can be used not only by patrol vessels but also by naval craft, Iarge fishing boats, ocean tugs, etc., in close co-operation.
(4) Consolidation of information for environmental disaster prevention in coastal sea areas
The questions of how many oil recovery vessels should be mobilized and in what waters to deal with spilled oil drifting over a large sea area are mainly governed by the natural and social conditions of the coasts. Accordingly, it should be urged to prepare sensitivity maps in co-operation with local governments and fishermen, in which information as to whether or not the use of treatment agents is acceptable is included.
Besides, it is desirable in the future to unify supporting information in the event of a disaster, including information on support available from voluntary groups and foreign countries. In this connection, NOWPAP now underway is considered to be promising. [Fig.18]
