This paper presents three case studies involving coastal reclamation works in Singapore coastal waters and the hydraulic studies carried out in relation to these projects. The three cases are: (｡) East coast reclamation scheme and the coasfal protection of the reclaimed land using headland breakwaters (｢) Land reclamation project off Tuas on the west coast of Singapore for the Malaysia-Singapore second crossing and (｣) Coastal reclamation for the development of the new mega-container terminal at Pasir Panjang off the west coast of Singapore.
1. INTRODUCTION
Since the independence of Singapore extensive coastal ngineering works have been carried out in phase with the overall national development. Initially major coastal engineering developments included port and harbour facilities and other infrastructural works. This was followed by coastal reclamation works for industrial and commercial developments. Subsequently reclamation works were carried out in relation to housing and coastal resort development works, recreational parks, air and sea port development. The pace of development especially in land reclamation and port facilities accelerated in the 1980s with reclamation works moving into deeper waters in 1990s. The large scale reclamation projects have altered the coastline and the coastal hydrodynamics within the Singapore coastal waters.
The objective of this paper is to present three case studies involving reclamation works and the hydraulic studies carried out in relation to these projects. The three cases are:
1. East coast reclamation scheme stretching from Changi coast to city centre and the coastal protection of the reclaimed land using headland breakwaters.
2. Land reclamation project off Tuas on the west coast of Singapore for the Malaysia-Singapore second crossing and
3. Coastal reclamation for the development of the new mega-container terminal at Pasir Panjang off the west coast of Singapore.
2. EAST COAST RECLAMATION SCHEME
Since 1964, the Housing & Development Board has been undertaking a series of reclamation projects along the east coast of Singapore known as the East Coast Reclamation Scheme stretching from Changi coast to city centre (Fig. I). The East Coast Reclamation Scheme comprised Phases 1 to 7.
The concept of protecting the newly reclaimed shoreline by a series of shore attached headland breakwaters was introduced and first tried out on
