Ecosystem-based approaches to the evaluation of coastal habitat values are indispensable for habitat conservation/restoration and sustainable use of coastal fishery resources. In this paper, some of the recent research activities in Japan, related to those approaches, are reviewed and re-organized in light of major functions of the coastal ecosystem; those include the approaches to evaluation of (1) material transfer, removal and recycle functions, (2) fishery productivity and reproductive potential, and (3) biodiversity, of the coastal ecosystem.
Future direction and tasks which will be needed for further development of the ecosystem based approach are also discussed; much emphasis is placed on the necessity of synthetic scope in the habitat evaluation and the urgent need of long-term monitoring of the biological and ecological changes in the coastal water.