Japan NUS Co., Ltd. Tokyo, JAPAN

hanayama@janus.co.jp

　

ESI consists of a variety of factors such as substrate type of shoreline, exposure degree to open water, tidal energy, effects on shoreline life and habitats, influences on human life and industrial activities around coastline. ESI maps produced by NOAA are placing emphasis on natural removal effects and easiness of oil removal, which is evaluated from topographical features. While, ESI maps prepared by the Japan Ministry of the Enviroument are defined as those to show "coasts to be preserved" or "coasts whose natural environment will be considerably affected by drifted oil." In other words, Japan ESI maps emphasize effects of drified oil on shoreline Habitats, such as tidal flats, seaweed beds, coral reefs and wetlands.

　

As organisms living in the shoreline habitats extremely varied, it will be difficult to evaluate index using difference in species between habitats. Therefore, with all GIS data of Japan shoreline, we evaluated ESI for shoreline habitats by the range of their distribution area (that is, thickness of the habitat in front of coastline).

　

　

Department of Ocean Mechanical Engineering, Kobe University of Mercantile Marine Hyogo, JAPAN

kouzai@cc.kshosen.ac.jp

　

Since January 1997, numerous investigations have been undertaken for predicting the path of spilled oil from the tanker Nakhodka by using physical models, satellite and ground-based remote sensing techniques. However, the optimal combination of satellite-derived products for predicting the path of spilled oil is not fully explored. The purpose of this study is to propose an approach for predicting the drifting path of spilled oil by using multi-satellite microwave sensors.

　

Geostrophic current velocities are derived from along-track TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter height gradient and surface wind vectors are derived from NSCAT scatterometer. These two satellite-derived products are used for predicting the drifting path of spilled oil from the tanker Nakhodka. Distribution of spilled oil is identified by sequential RADARSAT synthetic aperture radar images. Advection vectors of spilled oil derived from the sequential synthetic aperture radar images by the maximum cross-correlation method are evaluated by the combination of altimeter-derived geostrophic current velocities and the scatterometer-derived wind-induced current vectors. Advection vectors are agreed well with the combined ones from two microwave sensors.

　

　

¹P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, RUSSIA

　

²Joint-Stock Company VNIlNEFTEMASH Moscow, RUSSIA

　

³Physical Diagnosis and Modeling Institute Moscow, RUSSIA

pavlovskii@mtu-net.ru

　

Ecological state of water object is formed as a result of polyfactor influence. There used to take numerous methods and criterions for ecological estimation. The decision of a question about water object fitness to either one or the other kind of economic activities is mostly uncertain and is often reached under conditions of opinions and views conflict. The new approach consists in formalistic expert system (FES) creation to increase trustworthiness of ecological estimation. The systems are meant to reduce polyparametric and polycriterional task to minimum quantity of chosen variants, in ideal - to one version. For example, expert estimations have been made for some water objects of Sakhalin island. Among numerous biological active matters FES unites main ecological significant indices. FES includes monograms, which on quantities level makes gradations of ecological state. FES involves typical profiles of component vertical distribution in water and sediments to compare obtained data with them that is necessary to divide native oil gas display from technogen pollution. FES combines a complex of gasbiogeochemical data selected at ecological clear aqua regions of the Shmidt peninsula forbidden zone to be compared with test objects. As a result the Pilvo and Maty rivers, Okhotst sea shelf have normal ecological state. Oil pollution has caused negative ecological state of the Okhinka and Sakhalinka rivers, the Urkt bay (west part), where bottom sediments were classificated as biological passive (toxication). Gas fluxes and biological active state of the Urkt bay east part and shelf region near by Piltun-Astokhsk deposit were found.