Coordinator: Young C. Kim (USA)

Co-Coordinator: Mitsuo Takezawa (Japan)

　

　

Nihon University Funabashi, Chiba, JAPAN

K04003@ocean.cst.nihon-u.ac.jp

　

At the Hansin-Awaji disaster, surface transport had been functioned by damage of roads, the jammed traffic accompany disaster. So the efforts toward doing disaster by prefecture governments have been aimed to transfer injured people by making information network, because there were defects which were not able to be transferred by helicopter, at the Hansin-Awaji disaster. But we could consider that this concept was difficult to save many the injured. Because the ability transferring people by helicopter was not able to transfer a great deal of injured people.

　

So, on this study, had made proposals to maritime medical supports making Hospital ships. So these researches had been doing, as two purposes. First purpose was to inspire that one resource by Hospital ships. Second purpose was to proposal must make Hospital ships.

The results are as follows. The role of Hospital ships is space where is cure for the injured, between being found the injured and transferring to the medical centers which are in back cities. These researches had developed two reasons. First, the injured transferring to the medical centers which were in back cities had survived more than which were in disaster area. Second, the reason for death the injured transferring to back cities had not been enough cured in transferring. So on study, it was thought that securing medical centers in disaster city was so important.

　

Again institution making Hospital ships were suitable for prefecture governments. And these should make it in partnership with other prefecture governments, because the expense of making Hospital ships is so high. The solution is to use for Hospital ships effectively.

　

A typical case in Japan, Sizuoka prefecture government has used transport ship, Kibo, as usual sightseeing ship. But there are many areas don't have doctors, so the Hospital ship always must be used medical ship.

　

Marine Ecology Research Institute Tokyo, JAPAN

PXI14122@nifty.com

　

We have been monitonng artificial radionuclides (¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr) concentrations of seawater and sea bottom sediment along the coast of Japan where nuclear power plants and nuclear fuel reprocessing facility are located. In this article, we discuss the variations of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr concentrations in the coastal waters of Japan in terms of water types defined by salinity-radionuclide concentration relationships based on these monitoring data during 1984-2000.

　

Primarily, Kuroshio system waters surround surface in the coast of Japan, but the northeast coast of Japan has a complex ocean current structure with two main inflows. Oyashio (western part of Subarctic Gyre) and Tsugaru Warm Current (a Kuroshio system flowing out of the Sea of Japan).

　

Oyashio (western part of Subarctic Gyre) water is characterized by lower temperature, salinity and radioactivities of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr compared with Kuroshio system (western part of Subtropic Gyre) water.

　

Effective environmental half-lives of ⁹⁰Sr in surface water (upper 200 m) were calculated to be approximately 20 years independently on water system, while those of ¹³⁷Cs were calculated to be similar to ⁹⁰Sr except for northeast coast of Japan (about 10 years).

　

Activity ratio of ¹³⁷Cs to ⁹⁰Sr in surface water (upper 200 m) was found to be about 1.4 throughout all study area, and we also analyze their vertical distributions.

　

　

¹Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engineering, Nihon University Funabashi, Chiba, JAPAN

kondo@ocean.cst.nihon-u.ac.jp

　

²Graduate School of Nihon University Funabashi, Chiba, JAPAN

　

It is well known from experimental data that hydrodynamic characteristics of two circular cylinders becomes very complicated by interference of vortices separated from the cylinders. In this paper, we present numerical results, obtained by three-dimensional computation, for hydrodynamic characteristics of two circular cylinders in a side-by-side arrangement and in a tandem arrangement. A distance between surfaces of two circular cylinders is considered as a parameter to investigate hydrodynamic characteristics of the cylinders. And our numerical results are compared with the experimental data.

　

The Navier-Stokes equations are adopted for solutions of the fluid motion, and numerical computation is performed by means of a finite element procedure. When we compute the Navier-Stokes equations by using the finite element method, we must effectively add a numerical viscosity term into finite element schemes of the Navier-Stokes equations. This approach is performed on the basis of the Petrov-Galerkin formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations.

　

　

¹Hydrotech Research Institute, National Taiwan University Taipei, TAIWAN

wcliu@hy.ntu.edu.tw

　

²Department of Civil Engineering and Hydrotech Research Institute National Taiwan University, Taipei, TAIWAN

　

³Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering and Hydrotech Research Institute National Taiwan University, Taipei, TAIWAN

　

Yulin offshore industrial park is completed in 2001 on the reclaimed land located at the central western coast of Taiwan. To mitigate its impacts on the nearby coastal area, the industrial park is buffered by a waterway separating it from the main island. The original design of the separation waterway has a width of 500 meters. However, this width has been a controversial issue for the past 10 years. Since the separation waterway receives discharges from two streams in the main island, the Shu-Chu-Liao Stream and Hsin-Hu-Wei Stream, the potential inundation during flood and water quality condition during low flow period are two of the major considerations for the width of the waterway.

　

A vertical two-dimensional, real-time model of estuarine hydrodynamics and water quality was modified and applied to this waterway-tributary stream complex, to determine the rational width of the separation waterway. Model calibration and verification were conducted with tide, current, residual velocity, salinity, and water quality variables measured in the waterway. The overall performance of the model was in qualitative agreement with the available field data. The model was then used to evaluate several scenarios of different widths for the separation waterway. Based on the model simulation results a 200-meter wide waterway, bordered by 300-meter wide flood plain, is recommended for adoption. The model simulation indicated that coastal water quality standard may be attained and inundation by more than 50-year flood may be avoided by such a separation waterway.