The security environment of the sea lanes in the Asia-Pacific region is threatened by growing lawlessness at sea. This review has highlighted the extent and complexity of the major problems of “law and order at sea” such as piracy, terrorism, drugs/smuggling, and illegal migration. But this review has also surveyed recent increased awareness and moves to further regional cooperation in dealing with these problems, as well as the challenge of cooperation in sea lane security between naval and civil maritime agencies. Such enhanced national and regional cooperation is likely to be the critical element in managing these threats to the security environment of the sea lanes in the Asia-Pacific region.