Poor job design:
Specifying job or task requirements which are unreasonable, inefficient, impossible, excessive, or impractical. Examples include: excessive watch duration or frequency, requiring a single person to monitor simultaneously displays that are spastically separated, requiring exposure to hazardous materials without proper protective gear.
Poor regulations, policies, procedures or practices:
Any problem with standards, regulations, policies, procedures or practices. For example: standards, regulations, policies, procedures, or practices may be conflicting, inaccurate, inadequate, lacking in sufficient detail, or outdated.
Misapplication of good regulations, policies, procedures or practices:
The application of standards, regulations, policies, procedures, or practices at an incorrect time or in an inappropriate circumstance.
Mental action:
Lack of situational awareness:
An incorrect understanding of the current situation which can lead to a faulty hypothesis regarding a future situation, or an understanding which is based upon incorrect beliefs, leading to compounded errors that can substantially increase the risk to the ship. Examples include arriving at a hypothesis without confirmation of which direction an oncoming ship will steer, incorrect interpretation of alarms on board ship (e. g. seawater contamination of a fuel system during high seas).
Lack of perception:
When an individual does not properly understand that a problem or situation exists. Examples include misreading a dial, mishearing a command, misunderstanding a garbled radio message, thinking you smell engine oil when it's actually crude, not noticing a list to starboard, overestimating the distance to the dock.
Incorrect recognition:
The misdiagnosis of a particular situation or problem once it has been perceived. While it may be perceived that a problem or situation exists, the identification is incorrect. Examples include misdiagnosis of a sounded alarm that sounds similar to other alarms on board ship, incorrect recognition of a visual display alarm on the bridge.
Incorrect identification:
The incorrect identification of a problem or hazard once it has been recognized that a problem or hazard exists. The alarms on a display panel may have identified a particular hazard to the ship (e. g. low fuel oil pressure), but the individual may have misinterpreted the alarm and identified the problem incorrectly.
