Mental illness:
Psychotic or erratic behaviour; depression; hallucinations; other forms of abnormal behaviour which are unexplainable.
Physical illness:
Sickness which produces a decrease in mental or physical abilities, but not generally considered as mental illness. Examples include: general disability accompanying colds and flu; hallucinations due to high fever; migraine headaches; seasickness and even severe indigestion and exposure to toxic substances.
Diminished motivation:
Lack of will or desire to perform well, resulting in a decrease of an individual's normal performance of required tasks.
Deliberate misaction:
Purposely taking an incorrect action or purposely failing to take the correct action. Examples include dereliction of duty; refusal to obey commands; sabotage, theft or ignoring procedures.
Fatigue:
A reduction in physical and/or mental capability as the result of physical, mental or emotional exertion, which may impair nearly all physical abilities including: strength; speed; reaction time; co-ordination; decision making, or balance.
Low morale:
A problem with individual or group motivation as shown by reduced willingness, confidence or discipline to perform assigned tasks. Examples/causes may include interpersonal conflict amongst the crew, officers with poor interpersonal skills, lack of a strong corporate or shipboard safety culture; excessively long tours of duty.
Lack of self-discipline:
Inadequate ability of an individual to control personal conduct. Examples include loss of temper or unprofessional behaviour.
Visual problem:
A reduced visual acuity due to a specific physical disability. Causes may include eye injury causing total or partial blindness; not wearing prescribed glasses or contacts; inability to adequately adapt to darkness.
Excessive workload:
Diminished physical or mental capability as the result of the sum total of all the mental and physical tasks a human must perform within a prescribed time resulting in a diminished job performance.
Marine environment:
Hazardous natural environment:
A situation in which the natural environment causes required tasks to become more, difficult than usual. Examples include storms; high waves; shallow water; severe shoaling; strong currents or tides; ice, rocks, submerged wrecks, severe eddies, ship traffic, wind; fog; mist; rain; snow; sleet; haze; dust; airborne debris.
Poor human factors design:
Poor, design of the ship, its subsystems, its environmental controls, engineering or its human-machine interfaces, which results in an increased difficulty to perform shipboard tasks. Examples of poor human factors engineering design include inadequate lighting; excessive noise; excessive vibration; inadequate heating, cooling, or ventilation systems; hazardous deck stair, ladder, bulkhead, or work surfaces; inadequate provision for foul weather or degraded mode operations; inadequate restraints, guards, or hand-holds; poor workstation orientation in regard to ship dynamics; poor hull seakeeping characteristics; controls which allow accidental actuation; illegible or ambiguous control markings; illegible or ambiguous displays or display labels; poor layout, sizing, and colouring of controls and displays; inadequate design for operational or maintenance access; inadequate design for safety.
