.2 according to the Revised 1996 Guidelines, emission based upon fuel sold to ships or aircraft engaged in international transport should not be included in national totals, but should be reported separately;
.3 Parties to the UNFCCC are encouraged to include separately projections of emissions from international bunker fuels and/or provide information which will facilitate international projection of bunker fuel emissions;
.4 the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) at its fourth session, held in Geneva from 16 to 18 December 1996, considered emissions related to international bunkers. The information was partially based on national reporting and partially on information from other sources. These data suggest that in 1990 global bunker CO2 emissions from the aviation sector were about 435 Megaton and from the marine sector about 441 Megaton. The emission in each sector represented about 2 per cent of CO2 emissions from all sources in 1990. In 1996 it was estimated based on national reports to SBSTA 4, that the aggregate CO2 emissions from bunker fuels represent about 2.8 per cent of the national emissions of the 22 Parties reporting emissions; and
.5 the views expressed by MEPC 41 that "the requirements for CO2 reduction should pertain to all ships without the differentiation between Annex I and Annex II countries as adopted by the Kyoto Conference", may be an inadvertent misunderstanding, since Annex II Parties are also Annex I Parties. Annex II Parties are, according to Articles 3.4 aud 3.5 of the UNFCCC, Parties who have special commitments to assist developing country Parties to the Convention.
Outcome of the eightieth session of the Council
9.6 The Committee noted that the Council at its eightieth session had noted:
.1 the action programme on the implementation of Annex VI to MARPOL 73/78, and in particuiar the instruction by MEPC 41 to the relevant sub-committees to deal with the technical aspects, including the development of reievant guidelines; and the invitation to Member Governments to submit proposals on technical and operational options for CO2 emissions control; and
.2 that a draft MEPC circular on Interim Guidelines for the Application of the NOx Technical Code from year 2000 will be considered for adoption at this session.
Outcome of FSI 6
9.7 The Committee also noted that the FSI Sub-Committee had included a work programme item on introduction of the HSSC in MARPOL Annex VI.
Matters related to reduction of CO2 emissions
9.8 The Committee considered the submission by the United States (MEPC 42/9/2) which provided estimates of the global emission for six specific pollutants developed by the Department of Engineering and Public Policy at Camegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and noted that, based on an analysis of Lloyd's shipping data and global bunker fuel sales, the estimated CO2 emission from ships is approximately 2% of the global CO2 emission and a small but significant source of the total global emissions. The Committee further noted the views of the United States that:
