日本財団 図書館


In both countries, over three-quarters of water used is devoted to irrigating a nearly identical area of roughly 50 million hectares. Even the crops produced in the two countries are broadly similar, with rice accounting for about 40% of grain output (one difference is that China produces twice as much as India). In both, irrigated area increased considerably after 1970 due to the installation of powered tube wells in their northern wheat growing areas (Hebei, Shandong and Henan in China, the Punjab in India).6

Two-thirds of the population in both countries still live in the villages. This means that urbanization pressures are unlikely to abate until well into the next century. Currently about one in ten inhabitants resides in the largest cities. With the growth of megalopolises of unprecedented size, and rising economic output, will come new non-agricultural demands for water. Already, it is difficult for urban infrastructures to keep pace with existing demands on water supply and treatment.

 

2. Uses by Sector, Now and Henceforth

 

There are a number of different estimates within China regarding future water use. Table 2 provides breakdowns of actual water use in China in 1990 and projections for the years 2000, 2010, and 2030, made originally by Chen Jiaqi (陳家寄) of the Ministry of Water Resources. These are divided by three major sectoral categories: agriculture, industry, and municipal. "Agriculture" refers only to the amount that can be supplied for crop irrigation, and is assumed to be 9-16% below demand. Other rural uses are not included, such as drinking water for people and livestock, pasture and fishery, and rural industry. These are only a small fraction of water used in irrigation, but are much higher than municipal uses. Industrial uses include thermal power generation, which has taken about half the total but is expected to decline in the future.

 

 

 

BACK   CONTENTS   NEXT

 






日本財団図書館は、日本財団が運営しています。

  • 日本財団 THE NIPPON FOUNDATION