日本財団 図書館


Solution:

 

The basic principle is to speak while producing effective abdominal respiration. Keep neck and shoulder muscles relaxed. Keep abdominal muscles contracted and the diaphragm fixed, and lightly produce a voice and push it forward.

 

(3) Avoiding injected or inspirated sound

 

i) People who speak using injection tend to make relatively distinct noises such as "ku, ku" or "gu, gu" while injecting in between period of speech. "Gu, gu" represents two injections and "gu, gu, gu" three injective actions.

 

Such fricative sounds are produced after air compressed by piston movements at the base of the tongue is forced to pass through the narrow space from the hypopharynx to the new glottis. As long as this sound is made, speech is not possible, and such sounds tend to grate on the ear during conversation.

 

ii) People who speak using inhalation method may produce a sound like "a!, a!" when inhaling air. This sound is produced when the tongue sticks to the soft palate, and can also be unpleasant to listen to.

 

 

 

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